{"id":86823,"date":"2020-12-05T13:08:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T11:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=86823"},"modified":"2020-12-08T17:59:52","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:59:52","slug":"ostrov-duchov-hashima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2020\/12\/ostrov-duchov-hashima\/","title":{"rendered":"Ostrov duchov Hashima"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japonsk\u00fd ostrov, ktor\u00e9mu kedysi patrilo mnoh\u00e9 prvenstv\u00e1, u\u017e vy\u0161e \u0161tyridsa\u0165 rokov nikto neob\u00fdva. Za\u0161l\u00fasl\u00e1vu dokumentuje len podivn\u00e1 scen\u00e9ria, ktor\u00e1 l\u00e1ka historick\u00fdch nad\u0161encov, novin\u00e1rov a film\u00e1rov. Ak patr\u00edte k milovn\u00edkom „bondoviek“, vedzte, \u017ee Skyfall sa nat\u00e1\u010dal pr\u00e1ve tu. Na opustenom ostrove Hashima.<\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9 os\u00eddlenie tohto neve\u013ek\u00e9ho a nehostinn\u00e9ho ostrova sa datuje do roku 1887, kedy tu bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 prv\u00e1 uho\u013en\u00e1 ba\u0148a. \u010cierne uhlie bolo ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm artiklom a na Hashime boli n\u00e1jden\u00e1, rovnako ako na okolit\u00fdch ostrovoch, jeho ve\u013ek\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1. Dovtedy ostrov \u013eud\u00ed k os\u00eddleniu pr\u00edli\u0161 nel\u00e1kal. Na jeho neve\u013ekej rozlohe \u00a06,3 hekt\u00e1rov, nebola ani \u017eiadna \u00farodn\u00e1 p\u00f4da, v\u0161ade len kame\u0148.<\/p>\n

Ostrov m\u00e1 celkom pravideln\u00fd tvar pripom\u00ednaj\u00faci bojov\u00fa lo\u010f, z \u010doho poch\u00e1dza aj jeho prez\u00fdvka Gunkand\u017eima, v angli\u010dtine Battleship Island. Jeho rozmery nedosahuj\u00fa viac ako asi 480 \u00d7 160 metrov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu sa na tento ne\u00farodn\u00fd kamenn\u00fd ostrov\u010dek nas\u0165ahovali v\u00a0roku 1887 prv\u00ed \u013eudia a za\u010dali tu s vervou budova\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 prvky os\u00eddlenia. Ve\u013emi skoro, teda v roku 1890, k\u00fapil ba\u0148u koncern Mitsubishi a za\u010dal tu s ve\u013ekolep\u00fdm projektom \u0165a\u017eby uhlia z morsk\u00e9ho dna. Znenazdania na Hashime vyr\u00e1stli typick\u00e9 budovy uspokojuj\u00face potreby narastaj\u00faceho po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edkov. K v\u00fdstave bol pou\u017eit\u00fd bet\u00f3n kv\u00f4li jeho odolnosti proti tajf\u00fanom Jednalo sa o prv\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie bet\u00f3nov\u00e9 budovy v Japonsku.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161irovanie \u0165a\u017eby uhlia a z\u00e1zemia pre ban\u00edkov so sebou samozrejme prin\u00e1\u0161alo aj n\u00e1rast po\u010dtu obyvate\u013eov. U\u017e v roku 1916 ich tu \u017eilo na tri tis\u00edcky. Po\u010det obyvate\u013eov a \u0165a\u017eba uhlia r\u00e1stla na Hashime aj po\u010das oboch svetov\u00fdch vojen, kedy malo uhlie ve\u013ek\u00fa prioritu. \u00a0Nedostatok pracovn\u00fdch s\u00edl, ktor\u00e9 museli plni\u0165 svoje povinnosti v arm\u00e1de, pokr\u00fdvali ban\u00edci z \u010c\u00edny a K\u00f3rey. T\u00ed boli zo svojich domovov na japonsk\u00e9 ostrovy, kde sa \u0165a\u017eilo uhlie, dovle\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm a \u017eili na nich v\u00a0ve\u013emi zl\u00fdch podmienkach. Kv\u00f4li nedostatku miesta na Hashime sa tiesnili v mali\u010dk\u00fdch izb\u00e1ch a pri pr\u00e1ci sa museli sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 a\u017e do dvesto metrovej h\u013abky. V \u00fazkych podzemn\u00fdch chodbi\u010dk\u00e1ch mesa\u010dne zomrelo priemerne 5 ban\u00edkov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Neist\u00e1 povojnov\u00e1 doba silne kontrastovala s istotou b\u00fdvania, zamestnania a z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch potrieb na Hashime, a\u00a0aj preto sa sem \u00a0v tomto obdob\u00ed hrnuli z\u00e1ujemcovia o pr\u00e1cu. \u010coskoro tu vyr\u00e1stla neuverite\u013en\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara s nemocnicou, z\u00e1kladnou \u00a0a strednou \u0161kolou, 25 obchodmi, barmi a\u00a0re\u0161taur\u00e1ciami. Miestni si mohli z\u00e1js\u0165 do kina, telocvi\u010dne, budhistick\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu, \u0161intoistick\u00e9 sv\u00e4tyne alebo dokonca aj do nevestinca.<\/p>\n

Naopak by ste tu nena\u0161li \u017eiadne dopravn\u00e9 prostriedky, pri rozlohe ostrova boli miestni obyvatelia v\u0161ade maxim\u00e1lne do desiatich min\u00fat. Ve\u013ek\u00fa prosperitu ostrova dokazuje skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee sa na \u0148om za\u010dala na strech\u00e1ch v p\u00f4de dovezen\u00e9 z pevniny pestova\u0165 zelenina.<\/p>\n

Vrchol potom miestna popul\u00e1cia dosiahla v roku 1959, kedy tu pod\u013ea dostupn\u00fdch prame\u0148ov \u017eilo a pracovalo 5259 \u013eud\u00ed. Hustota os\u00eddlenia vtedy dosahovala neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 83 476 os\u00f4b na kilometer \u0161tvorcov\u00fd a Hashima tak dosiahla \u010fal\u0161\u00ed prvenstvo. Hustej\u0161ie ob\u00fdvan\u00e9 miesto by ste na svete \u0165a\u017eko h\u013eadali. Pre porovnanie napr\u00edklad v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti naj\u013eudnatej\u0161ie mesto sveta Tokio, m\u00e1 hustotu os\u00eddlenia asi 14 700 obyvate\u013eov na kilometer \u0161tvorcov\u00fd! Ale sp\u00e4\u0165 na Hashima.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa vtedy n\u00e1rast po\u010dtu obyvate\u013eov zastavil? V \u0161es\u0165desiatych rokoch sa za\u010dali po celej krajine uho\u013en\u00e9 bane ru\u0161i\u0165, preto\u017ee uhlie vo ve\u013ekom nahr\u00e1dzala ropa. Mitsubishi ozn\u00e1milo uzavretie ban\u00ed na Hashime v roku 1974. Ostrov bol ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo opusten\u00fd a ponechan\u00fd svojmu osudu. V\u0161etko zostalo tak, ako by sa tam mali obyvatelia zase \u010doskoro vr\u00e1ti\u0165. Zachovan\u00e9 zostali byty, obchody a\u00a0administrat\u00edvne miestnosti s\u00a0dobov\u00fdm n\u00e1bytkom, \u010di u\u017e to boli plechov\u00e9 skrine, lavice na chodb\u00e1ch alebo bambusov\u00fd konferen\u010dn\u00fd stol\u00edk<\/strong><\/span> <\/a>s\u00a0tradi\u010dnou japonskou \u00fapravou. Pravdepodobne z toho d\u00f4vodu sa mu dostalo pr\u00edvlastok Ostrov duchov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u010cas plynul, budovy ch\u00e1trali a vytvorili ve\u013emi sugest\u00edvne prostredie, ktor\u00e9 v posledn\u00fdch rokoch za\u010dalo l\u00e1ka\u0165 turistov i film\u00e1rov. Ak sa aj vy t\u00fa\u017eite prejs\u0165 ostrovom duchov a je to pre v\u00e1s predsa len kus cesty, vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte Google Street View, ktor\u00fd ostrov podrobne zdokumentoval<\/p>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/www.sokujiciplaneta.cz\/
\nViac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete na: https:\/\/bit.ly\/33KFrPT<\/a>
\nZdroj fotografi\u00ed: depositphotos.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japonsk\u00fd ostrov, ktor\u00e9mu kedysi patrilo mnoh\u00e9 prvenstv\u00e1, u\u017e vy\u0161e \u0161tyridsa\u0165 rokov nikto neob\u00fdva. Za\u0161l\u00fasl\u00e1vu dokumentuje len podivn\u00e1 scen\u00e9ria, ktor\u00e1 l\u00e1ka historick\u00fdch nad\u0161encov, novin\u00e1rov a film\u00e1rov. Ak patr\u00edte k milovn\u00edkom „bondoviek“, vedzte, \u017ee Skyfall sa nat\u00e1\u010dal pr\u00e1ve tu. Na opustenom ostrove Hashima. Prv\u00e9 os\u00eddlenie tohto neve\u013ek\u00e9ho a nehostinn\u00e9ho ostrova sa datuje do roku 1887, kedy tu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":86824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,13,52,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architektura","category-real-estate","category-outdoor","category-priroda","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86823"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86910,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86823\/revisions\/86910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}