{"id":86830,"date":"2020-12-05T13:49:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T11:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=86830"},"modified":"2020-12-08T17:59:47","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:59:47","slug":"utek-z-tovarne-na-smrt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2020\/12\/utek-z-tovarne-na-smrt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00datek z tov\u00e1rne na smr\u0165: Vrba a Wetzler presved\u010dili svet o zverstv\u00e1ch nacistov"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u013dud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm sa podarilo unikn\u00fa\u0165 z pekla Osvien\u010dimu-Brezinka, nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea. Medzi t\u00fdch \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch patrili slovensk\u00ed v\u00e4zni Rudolf Vrba a Alfr\u00e9d Wetzler. Obaja si zachr\u00e1nili \u017eivot a tie\u017e vydali svedectvo svetu o hr\u00f4zach, ktor\u00e9 sa v koncentra\u010dnom a vyhladzovacom t\u00e1bore odohr\u00e1vali. Ich dramatick\u00fd \u00fatek za\u010dal pred 75 rokmi.<\/p>\n

Vrba, p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm menom Walter Rosenberg, tak aj Wetzler boli \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu. Po vzniku Slovensk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu, musel p\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fd Vrba od\u00eds\u0165 z bratislavsk\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia a pracova\u0165 ako robotn\u00edk. Manu\u00e1lnou pr\u00e1cou sa \u017eivil aj o \u0161es\u0165 rokov star\u0161\u00ed Wetzler, ktor\u00fd \u017eil v Trnave.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Wetzler bol v roku 1941 zatknut\u00fd pre \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na sabot\u00e1\u017each v tehelni a po nieko\u013ekomesa\u010dnom v\u00e4znen\u00ed v\u00a0Bratislave, bol deportovan\u00fd do Osvien\u010dimu. Vrbu, ktor\u00fd sa v roku 1942 pok\u00fasil od\u00eds\u0165 do zahrani\u010dia a pripoji\u0165 sa k exilovej arm\u00e1de, zatkli v Ma\u010farsku a internovali v t\u00e1bore Nov\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n

Odtia\u013e sa pok\u00fasil utiec\u0165, bol v\u0161ak op\u00e4\u0165 zadr\u017ean\u00fd a brut\u00e1lne zbit\u00fd. N\u00e1sledne ho poslali do koncentra\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora Majdanek. Tam sa stretol so svoj\u00edm star\u0161\u00edm bratom Sammym \u2013 bohu\u017eia\u013e naposledy v \u017eivote.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vrba a Wetzler<\/p>\n

O nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov nesk\u00f4r bol zaraden\u00fd do transportu do Osvien\u010dimu. Tam pracoval najsk\u00f4r v sklade s jedlom. Nesk\u00f4r ho preradili k takzvan\u00e9mu “ upratovaciemu oddielu“, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9mu tie\u017e „Kanada“. Jeho \u010dlenovia museli vybera\u0165 polom\u0155tvych a m\u0155tvych v\u00e4z\u0148ov z transportov, \u010disti\u0165 vag\u00f3ny a tie\u017e triedi\u0165 a skladova\u0165 zhaban\u00e9 veci.<\/p>\n

V Brzezinka, kam bol tento oddiel roku 1943 pres\u0165ahovan\u00fd, sa Vrba stretol s Wetzlerom, svojim zn\u00e1mym zo Slovenska. E\u0161te toho roku \u00a0Vrba ochorel t\u00fdfusom a rap\u00eddne schudol. Pomoci a liekov sa mu v\u0161ak dostalo od \u010dlena osvien\u010dimsk\u00e9ho podzemn\u00e9ho hnutia.<\/p>\n

K tomuto hnutiu sa pridal a na jar 1943 z\u00edskal poz\u00edciu zapisovate\u013ea v karant\u00e9nnych bloku B II a. Jednalo sa o miesto, ktor\u00e9 mu prinieslo pr\u00edstup k\u00a0inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, aj trochu lep\u0161ie \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky. Mal napr\u00edklad vlastn\u00e9 poste\u013e.<\/p>\n

Vrba videl, ako nacisti priv\u00e1\u017eali k plynov\u00fdm komor\u00e1m v\u00e4z\u0148ov. Bol tie\u017e svedkom zalo\u017eenia aj povra\u017edenia \u010dasti takzvan\u00e9ho rodinn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora terez\u00ednsk\u00fdch \u017didov v marci 1944. Pr\u00e1ve po\u010das tejto najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej masovej vra\u017edy \u010cechoslov\u00e1kov, zahynula aj dvadsa\u0165triro\u010dn\u00e1 Alice Munkov\u00e1, do ktorej sa zamiloval.<\/p>\n

\u00datek, ku ktor\u00e9mu sa nakoniec Wetzler a Vrba odhodlali, bol napl\u00e1novan\u00fd cez rozostavan\u00fd \u00fasek t\u00e1bora zvan\u00fd „Mexiko“. K jeho \u00faspe\u0161nej realiz\u00e1cii im n\u00e1sledne napomohli ostatn\u00ed v\u00e4zni \u010dinn\u00ed v podzemnom hnut\u00ed. Jeden im napr\u00edklad poradil, nech pre zm\u00e4tenie psov pou\u017eij\u00fa tabak a benz\u00edn. Pl\u00e1novali, \u017ee v \u00fakryte v t\u00e1bore pre\u010dkaj\u00fa trojd\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00e1traciu akciu, ktor\u00fa nacisti po zmiznut\u00ed v\u00e4z\u0148ov sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali. Zriadenie skr\u00fd\u0161e na Mexiku bolo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, nakoniec sa v\u0161ak podarilo.<\/p>\n

Pochodoval v papu\u010diach<\/strong><\/p>\n

A tak sa 7. apr\u00edla popoludn\u00ed Vrba a Wetzler schovali do diery pod hromadu dosiek, ktor\u00fa \u010fal\u0161\u00ed z v\u00e4z\u0148ov upravil tak, aby boli \u010do najmenej n\u00e1padn\u00ed. \u010cakalo ich viac ako 80 hod\u00edn strachu a neistoty. Cez \u00fasta mali pruhy l\u00e1tky na tlmenie ka\u0161\u013ea. Po\u010das p\u00e1trania vraj jeden z eses\u00e1kov st\u00e1l priamo na ich \u00fakrytom. V pr\u00edpade odhalenia by ich \u010dakalo mu\u010denie a smr\u0165.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00ed rozl\u00e1man\u00ed potom \u00fakryt opustili po\u010das \u0161tvrt\u00e9ho d\u0148a. V\u010faka kontaktom v t\u00e1bore mali civiln\u00e9 oble\u010denie, top\u00e1nky, mapu, chlieb a \u010fal\u0161ie veci potrebn\u00e9 pre nasleduj\u00face etapy \u00fateku. Po\u010das dvojt\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ovej cesty na Slovensko im pomohli niektor\u00ed Poliaci, hoci svoj\u00edm \u010dinom riskovali \u017eivot. Ke\u010f \u0161li cez Slovensko, mal vraj Vrba nohy tak napuchnut\u00e9, \u017ee namiesto top\u00e1nok kr\u00e1\u010dal v papu\u010diach, ktor\u00e9 mu daroval jeden sedliak.<\/p>\n

E\u0161te v apr\u00edli sa dostali do \u017diliny, kde s predstavite\u013emi tamoj\u0161ej \u017eidovskej obce sp\u00edsali vy\u0161e tridsa\u0165 stranov\u00fa \u00a0spr\u00e1vu popisuj\u00facu podmienky v koncentra\u010dnom t\u00e1bore: klasifik\u00e1ciu a zab\u00edjanie v\u00e4z\u0148ov, vznik a zmasakrovanie \u010dasti rodinn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora, sp\u00f4sob str\u00e1\u017eenia, umiestnenie plynov\u00fdch kom\u00f4r aj odhad obet\u00ed doteraj\u0161ieho vra\u017edenie.<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1va bola najsk\u00f4r sp\u00edsan\u00e1 slovensk\u00fd (origin\u00e1l sa nezachoval), nesk\u00f4r prelo\u017een\u00e1 do nem\u010diny a ma\u010far\u010diny a prepa\u0161ovan\u00e1 do Ma\u010farska a \u010falej i do \u0160vaj\u010diarska. Do r\u00fak a\u00a0pracovn\u00fd st\u00f4l<\/strong> <\/span><\/a>spojencov sa dostala v j\u00fani. Hrozn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie zverejnili v \u00a0BBC a\u00a0v z\u00e1padnej tla\u010d.<\/p>\n

Deport\u00e1cie ma\u010farsk\u00fdch \u017didov<\/strong><\/p>\n

S roz\u0161irovan\u00edm spr\u00e1vy sa v\u0161ak via\u017ee aj ist\u00e1 kontroverzia. Od Oscara Krasniansk\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd text prelo\u017eil do nem\u010diny, vraj dostal spr\u00e1vu ma\u010farsk\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vnik a novin\u00e1r Rudolf Kastner, a to u\u017e \u010doskoro po jej sp\u00edsan\u00ed. Zverejnenie v\u0161ak zdr\u017eal. Vrba bol nesk\u00f4r presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee preto, aby Kastner neohrozil vyjedn\u00e1vanie s Adolfom Eichmannom o prevoze ma\u010farsk\u00fdch \u017didov do \u0160vaj\u010diarska v\u00fdmenou za peniaze a drahocennosti. Kastner nakoniec z\u00edskal povolenie previez\u0165 viac ako 1600 \u017didov do \u0160vaj\u010diar, \u010do vo\u0161lo do dej\u00edn ako takzvan\u00fd Kastner\u016fv vlak. \u010cas\u0165 historikov zasa mieni, \u017ee predstavitelia \u017eidovsk\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed v Ma\u010farsku v\u00e1hali zo zverejnen\u00edm, aby nesp\u00f4sobili paniku.<\/p>\n

V m\u00e1ji 1944 v\u0161ak za\u010dali transporty ma\u010farsk\u00fdch \u017didov do koncentra\u010dn\u00fdch t\u00e1borov. Denne do vlakov nast\u00fapilo na 12 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed, mnoh\u00ed boli n\u00e1sledne \u00a0pozavra\u017eden\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A\u017e potom, \u010do bola v j\u00fani spr\u00e1va zverejnen\u00e1, vznikol tlak na ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho regenta Mikl\u00f3sa Horthyho zo strany \u0160v\u00e9dska i Vatik\u00e1nu, aby boli deport\u00e1cie zastaven\u00e9. To sa stalo a\u017e v j\u00fali. Zachr\u00e1nen\u00fdch bolo asi 200 tis\u00edc \u017eivotov, mohlo v\u0161ak pre\u017ei\u0165 viac \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pridal sa k partiz\u00e1nom<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vrba aj Wetzler sa do\u010dkali konca vojny. Rudolf Vrba, ktor\u00fd svoje nov\u00e9 meno prijal po tom, \u010do sa ocitol na slobode, sa v septembri 1944 pridal k partiz\u00e1nom operuj\u00facim na slovensk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nesk\u00f4r vy\u0161tudoval Vysok\u00fa \u0161kolu chemicko-technologick\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva, pracoval vo v\u00fdskume a o\u017eenil sa. S prvou man\u017eelkou Gert mali dve dc\u00e9ry. Koncom 50. rokov odi\u0161iel z \u010ceskoslovenska. Najsk\u00f4r p\u00f4sobil ako biochemik v Izraeli, nesk\u00f4r v Kanade, Anglicku a Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch. Sved\u010dil proti b\u00fdval\u00fdm eses\u00e1kom a objavil sa aj v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch dokumentoch o holokauste. Nap\u00edsal knihu Utiekol som z Osvien\u010dimu, ktorej slovensk\u00fd preklad vy\u0161iel v 90. rokoch. Zomrel v roku 2006.<\/p>\n

Alfr\u00e9d Wetzler po vojne pracoval ako redaktor a v 60. rokoch tie\u017e sp\u00edsal svoje spomienky nazvan\u00e9 – \u010co Dante nevidel, pod menom Jozef L\u00e1n\u00edk. V roku 1970 odi\u0161iel do invalidn\u00e9ho d\u00f4chodku a zomrel v roku 1988 v Bratislave. Obaja posmrtne dostali \u0161t\u00e1tne vyznamenanie.<\/p>\n

Ich spr\u00e1va patr\u00ed k najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm dokumentom 20. storo\u010dia. Bola jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch podrobn\u00fdch o\u010dit\u00fdch svedectiev, ktor\u00e9 vymedzovalo smrtiace ma\u0161in\u00e9riu koncentra\u010dn\u00fdch t\u00e1borov a potvrdila autentickos\u0165 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/zpravy.tiscali.cz\/
\nViac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete tu: https:\/\/bit.ly\/37BnzrU<\/a>
\nFotografie: depositphotos, pixbay<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u013dud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm sa podarilo unikn\u00fa\u0165 z pekla Osvien\u010dimu-Brezinka, nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea. Medzi t\u00fdch \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch patrili slovensk\u00ed v\u00e4zni Rudolf Vrba a Alfr\u00e9d Wetzler. Obaja si zachr\u00e1nili \u017eivot a tie\u017e vydali svedectvo svetu o hr\u00f4zach, ktor\u00e9 sa v koncentra\u010dnom a vyhladzovacom t\u00e1bore odohr\u00e1vali. Ich dramatick\u00fd \u00fatek za\u010dal pred 75 rokmi. Vrba, p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm menom Walter Rosenberg, tak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":86831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-celebrity-magazine","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86830"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86909,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86830\/revisions\/86909"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}