{"id":86842,"date":"2020-12-05T15:04:38","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T13:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=86842"},"modified":"2020-12-08T18:03:11","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T16:03:11","slug":"histaria-piva-vo-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2020\/12\/histaria-piva-vo-svete\/","title":{"rendered":"Hist\u00e1ria piva vo svete"},"content":{"rendered":"

Princ\u00edp pr\u00edpravy je po st\u00e1ro\u010dia rovnak\u00fd, ale postupne sa v\u00fdznamne zdokona\u013eovali jednotliv\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 kroky a zariadenia. Primit\u00edvnu pr\u00edpravu piva postupne nahradila remeseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a v polovici 19. storo\u010dia priemyseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba.<\/p>\n

Kol\u00edska<\/strong><\/span> <\/a>v\u00fdroby piva sa pova\u017euje Mezopot\u00e1mia, oblas\u0165 tzv. \u00darodn\u00e9ho polmesiaca, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dza medzi riekami Eufrat a Tigrisom. U\u017e v 7. tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed pred n. L. tu pestovali obilie Sumeri, Akkadov\u00e9, Babylon\u010dania a As\u00fdr\u010dania. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee pivo bolo objaven\u00e9 n\u00e1hodne, v\u010faka vtedaj\u0161iemu skladovaniu obilia v hlinen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. Do niektor\u00fdch n\u00e1dob pravdepodobne natiekla voda a do\u0161lo ku kvaseniu, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledkom bola voda s pr\u00edjemnou omamnou chu\u0165ou. N\u00e1sledne sa za\u010dali z obilia pripravova\u0165 fermentovan\u00e9 n\u00e1poje cielene, \u010do bol ak\u00fdsi druh piva Sumerov naz\u00fdvan\u00fd ka\u0161 a Babylon\u010danmi – \u0161ikarum. Varenie piva bolo do rozvoja technick\u00fdch met\u00f3d jeho pr\u00edpravy, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou dom\u00e9nou \u017eien.<\/p>\n

Sumersk\u00e9 pivo ka\u0161, bolo na rozdiel od s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho piva pripravovan\u00e9 bez chme\u013eu, ktor\u00fd v tom \u010dase e\u0161te nebol zn\u00e1my. Ka\u0161 vznikal z ja\u010dmenn\u00e9ho chleba a sladu, ktor\u00e9 boli spolo\u010dne umiestnen\u00e9 do ve\u013ek\u00e9ho d\u017eb\u00e1nu v ktorom doch\u00e1dzalo ku kvaseniu. Bez pr\u00edtomnosti chmelu, ka\u0161 nez\u00edskaval hork\u00fa chu\u0165 a pre jej z\u00edskanie sa muselo vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 in\u00e9ho postupu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa vyu\u017e\u00edvalo pra\u017eenie chleba v hor\u00facom popole, \u010di prid\u00e1van\u00edm zelenej hor\u010dice, \u010di sezamov\u00fdch semienok.<\/p>\n

Po objaven\u00ed kvasenia sladu, za\u010dalo vznika\u0165 ve\u013ea druhov piva ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ili od seba farbou a chu\u0165ou. Okolo roku 3. tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred.n.l. bolo pitie piva roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm zvykom. Vtedaj\u0161ie pivo nepodstupovalo proces filtr\u00e1cie, \u010do malo za n\u00e1sledok pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva mechanick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc a \u00fdm p\u00e1dom pivo nebolo \u010d\u00edre. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa pre pitie vyu\u017e\u00edvalo obiln\u00e9 steblo, ktor\u00e9 fungovalo ako slamka. O tis\u00edc rokov nesk\u00f4r v Chammurapiho z\u00e1konn\u00edku z 2. tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred.n.l. poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj prv\u00e9 zmienky o verejn\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkach, kde bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pivo k\u00fapi\u0165. Z\u00e1konn\u00edk upravoval tresty pre nepoctiv\u00fdch v\u00fd\u010dap\u00fan\u00edkov,. V pripade \u017ee podv\u00e1dzali, boli hoden\u00ed do vody<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie z\u00e1znamy o pr\u00edprave piva poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo starovek\u00e9ho Egypta, ktor\u00fd je ob\u010das pova\u017eovan\u00fd za p\u00f4vodn\u00fa krajinu objavu piva. Staroegyp\u0165ania pou\u017e\u00edvali pre kvasenie n\u00e1dobu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa pri v\u00fdrobe slovo namset, ktor\u00e9 pravdepodobne poch\u00e1dza z akkadsk\u00e9ho slova namz\u00edtu. Egyp\u0165ania pou\u017e\u00edvali na v\u00fdrobu piva ja\u010dme\u0148, z ktor\u00e9ho vyr\u00e1bali slad a r\u00f4zne typy p\u0161enice, ako n\u00e1hradu za chme\u013e. Absencia chmelu potom mal za n\u00e1sledok, \u017ee pivo malo sladkast\u00fa chu\u0165. V \u010dase antiky sa pivo nach\u00e1dzalo na okraji z\u00e1ujmu, preto\u017ee konzum\u00e1cii jasne dominovalo v\u00edno v oblasti Stredomoria a medovina v oblast\u00ed Eur\u00f3py, ob\u00fdvanej Keltmi.
\nOproti tomu germ\u00e1nske kmene aj na\u010falej preferovali v\u00fdrobu a konzum\u00e1ciu piva. \u00a0Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie oblasti, kde bola konzum\u00e1cia piva hojne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1, patrila oblas\u0165 pod nadvl\u00e1dou Vikingov v\u00a0\u010dasti severnej Eur\u00f3py. Pivo sa tu ale konzumovalo tepl\u00e9 a s\u00fa\u010dasne tu do\u0161lo k objaveniu met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala v\u00fdrobu silnej\u0161ieho piva. Jednalo sa o met\u00f3du tzv. vymrazovania piva, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho pivo zamrzlo a vzh\u013eadom k rozdielne teplote topenia vody a alkoholu do\u0161lo k n\u00e1rastu obsahu alkoholu v pive. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee sa obsahom alkoholu sa bl\u00ed\u017eilo k dne\u0161n\u00fdm le\u017eiakom.<\/p>\n

Zna\u010dn\u00fa ob\u013eubu dosiahlo pivo v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed, kedy hlavn\u00e9mu konkurentovi v podobe v\u00edna hrozilo zni\u010denie hmyz\u00edm \u0161kodcom z rodu phylloxera. V roku 1876 vyd\u00e1va Louis Pasteur dielo \u0160t\u00fadia o pive, v ktorej podrobne opisuje novodob\u00fa technol\u00f3giu pre v\u00fdrobu piva zalo\u017een\u00e9 na filtr\u00e1ciu a pasteriz\u00e1cii piva. S\u00fa\u010dasne po\u010das 19. storo\u010dia narastali poznatky o pr\u00edprave, kvasen\u00ed a filtr\u00e1cii piva. S\u00fa\u010dasne v roku 1876 je zalo\u017een\u00fd prv\u00fd pivovar ur\u010den\u00fd k\u00a0masovej produkcii piva. Stal sa n\u00edm americk\u00fd pivovar Budweiser.<\/p>\n

V druhej polovici 20. storo\u010dia do\u0161lo k zmene trendov vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu piva v masov\u00fdch pivovaroch a za\u010dali sa zaklada\u0165 mal\u00e9 pivovary, ktor\u00e9 sa v prvej f\u00e1ze objavili preva\u017ene na \u00fazem\u00ed Brit\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/www.pivovarskydvur.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Viacej inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete tu: https:\/\/bit.ly\/37GrpQe<\/a><\/p>\n

Foto: arch\u00edv, depositphotos<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Princ\u00edp pr\u00edpravy je po st\u00e1ro\u010dia rovnak\u00fd, ale postupne sa v\u00fdznamne zdokona\u013eovali jednotliv\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 kroky a zariadenia. Primit\u00edvnu pr\u00edpravu piva postupne nahradila remeseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a v polovici 19. storo\u010dia priemyseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba. Kol\u00edska v\u00fdroby piva sa pova\u017euje Mezopot\u00e1mia, oblas\u0165 tzv. \u00darodn\u00e9ho polmesiaca, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dza medzi riekami Eufrat a Tigrisom. U\u017e v 7. tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed pred n. L. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":86843,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gastronomia","category-radim-vam","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86842"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86914,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86842\/revisions\/86914"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}