{"id":87413,"date":"2021-03-10T16:32:27","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T14:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=87413"},"modified":"2021-03-10T16:32:27","modified_gmt":"2021-03-10T14:32:27","slug":"ake-boli-najhorsie-epidemie-v-dejinach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2021\/03\/ake-boli-najhorsie-epidemie-v-dejinach\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e9 boli najhor\u0161ie epid\u00e9mie v dejin\u00e1ch?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Akoko\u013evek sa hovor\u00ed o ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch rizik\u00e1ch o\u010dkovania, \u010di spochybnovanie nosenia r\u00fa\u0161ok &#8211; dokonca aj tych najmodernej\u0161ich, ako je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.korakomedical.sk\/ochranne-ruska\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>respir\u00e1tor ffp3<\/strong><\/span><\/a>. A ak by sme tieto ochranne mo\u017enosti nemali, mohli by sa svetom prehna\u0165 podobn\u00e9 epid\u00e9mie, ako s\u00fa tieto s ktor\u00fdmi v\u00e1s chceme obozn\u00e1mi\u0165.<br \/>\nPredstavujeme v\u00e1m najhor\u0161ie epid\u00e9mie svetov\u00fdch dej\u00edn.<br \/>\nV dne\u0161nom, aj ked relat\u00edvne dobr\u00fdm\u00a0 celosvetov\u00fdm pokryt\u00edm zao\u010dkovania i svete plnom antibiot\u00edk a antivirot\u00edk, \u010dasto zab\u00fadame, ak\u00e9 ni\u010div\u00e9 boli epid\u00e9mie v minulosti. Aj ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00e1 chr\u00edpkov\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia dnes doka\u017ee vyvola\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 em\u00f3cie. Je vhodn\u00e9 sa preto pripomen\u00fa\u0165, ak\u00e9\u00a0 devastuj\u00face epid\u00e9mie v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstvo za\u017eilo. Epid\u00e9mie dok\u00e1zali toti\u017e meni\u0165 osudy cel\u00fdch imp\u00e9ri\u00ed a tvori\u0165 hist\u00f3riu, na ktorej konci sme dnes aj my.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pand\u00e9mie HIV (2005-2012)<\/strong><br \/>\nPo\u010det obet\u00ed: 36 mili\u00f3nov<\/p>\n<p>Je to mo\u017eno paradoxn\u00e9, preto\u017ee za \u00e9ru najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho vy\u010d\u00ed\u0148ania v\u00edrusu HIV (a n\u00edm sp\u00f4sobovan\u00e9 choroby AIDS) boli pova\u017eovan\u00e1 80. roky. V skuto\u010dnosti ale na vrchol epid\u00e9mie v\u00edrusu HIV bol pomerne ned\u00e1vno. Od roku 1981 v\u00edrus celosvetovo zabil vy\u0161e 36 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed &#8211; to nie je rozhodne mal\u00fd po\u010det !\u00a0 Ide toti\u017e zhruba o sedem n\u00e1sobok popul\u00e1cie Slovenskej republiky. Najm\u00e4 vplyvom \u0161\u00edrenia na africkom kontinente je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 za absol\u00fatny vrchol epid\u00e9mie pova\u017eova\u0165 rok 2005, kedy vplyvom v\u00edrusu ro\u010dne zomrelo 2,2 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed. K roku 2012 tento po\u010det klesol &#8222;len&#8220; na 1,6 mili\u00f3nov. Pomohli najm\u00e4 nov\u00e9 lieky, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie antivirotik\u00e1. Okrem Afriky v\u0161ak HIV su\u017euje aj Rusko alebo Indiu. A vplyvom ni\u017e\u0161ej prevencia pohlavn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b v poslednej dobe prib\u00fada pacientov aj v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Epid\u00e9mia \u0161panielskej chr\u00edpky (1918-1920)<\/strong><br \/>\nPo\u010det obet\u00ed: 20 a\u017e 50 mili\u00f3nov<br \/>\nSn\u00e1\u010f by sa \u013eudia mali pred HIV viac na pozore, keby choroba zab\u00edjala mili\u00f3ny nie naprie\u010d dek\u00e1dami, ale e\u0161te r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. Pr\u00e1ve tak vyzerala nesl\u00e1vna pand\u00e9mia &#8222;\u0161panielskej&#8220; chr\u00edpky, ktor\u00e1 zastihla svet po prvej svetovej vojne. S mortalitou okolo 10 a\u017e 20 percent zabila na 25 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed len po\u010das prv\u00e9ho pol roka. \u010co \u0161panielsku chr\u00edpku odli\u0161ovalo od \u010fal\u0161\u00edch chor\u00f4b, bola skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee zab\u00edjala paradoxne hlavne mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na vrchole ich s\u00edl. P\u00f4sobila toti\u017e zrejme na imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd obr\u00e1til prirodzen\u00fa obranu tela proti jej nosite\u013eom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Justi\u00e1nska mor (541-542)<\/strong><br \/>\nPo\u010det obet\u00ed: 5 a\u017e 50 mili\u00f3nov<br \/>\nAko keby v \u00e9re po definit\u00edvnom p\u00e1de Z\u00e1pador\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e nebolo m\u00e1lo probl\u00e9mov, Eur\u00f3pu i \u00c1ziu vtedy zasiahla prehliadan\u00e1 epid\u00e9mie prav\u00e9ho moru, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho pravdepodobne z Eti\u00f3pie. Cez Egypt sa choroba dostala aj na star\u00fd kontinent a drvivo sa podp\u00edsala aj na popul\u00e1cii vtedaj\u0161ieho centra toho, \u010do zostalo z imp\u00e9ria &#8211; na Kon\u0161tantinopole. Choroba zvan\u00e1 \u010dierna smr\u0165, zahubila\u00a0 tretinu obyvate\u013eov tohto mesta a podobne zni\u010duj\u00faci \u0161tatistiky zaznamenali aj in\u00e9 civilizovan\u00e9 kraje. Ir\u00f3niou osudu v\u0161ak neboli epid\u00e9miou to\u013eko zasiahnut\u00e9 nom\u00e1dske kmene ohrozuj\u00face v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed r\u00ed\u0161e &#8211; nenach\u00e1dzali sa toti\u017e na obchodn\u00fdch chodn\u00edkoch. Ak je mo\u017en\u00e9 nie\u010do ozna\u010di\u0165 za posledn\u00fa kvapku star\u00e9ho r\u00edmskeho imp\u00e9ria, nebol to p\u00e1d Ve\u010dn\u00e9ho mesta, ale pr\u00e1ve justi\u00e1nsky mor o storo\u010die nesk\u00f4r. Prav\u00fd mor potom Eur\u00f3pu nezasiahol v takej \u0161\u00edrke a\u017e do 14. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010cierna smr\u0165 (1346-1350)<\/strong><br \/>\nPo\u010det obet\u00ed: 50 a\u017e 200 mili\u00f3nov<br \/>\nHoci sa men\u0161ie epid\u00e9mie prav\u00e9ho moru objavovala periodicky \u010das od \u010dasu medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma ranami, epid\u00e9mia z polovice 14. storo\u010dia bola mimoriadne ni\u010div\u00e1. Eur\u00f3pa vtedy pri\u0161la o tretinu a\u017e polovicu popul\u00e1cie, a t\u00e1to morov\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia je dodnes v kult\u00farnej pam\u00e4ti ozna\u010den\u00e1 ako &#8222;t\u00e1 sl\u00e1vna&#8220; morov\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia. Jej d\u00f4sledky napokon vid\u00edme okolo seba dodnes. Po konci epid\u00e9mie mal \u00fabytok obyvate\u013estva za d\u00f4sledok spolo\u010denskej zmeny ako celku &#8211;\u00a0 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm miezd a vzrastom vplyvu me\u0161tianstva. Dostupn\u00e1 p\u00f4da bola vyu\u017eit\u00e1 pre chov zvierat a spotreba m\u00e4sa v celom regi\u00f3ne vzr\u00e1stla. Spolu s objavom Ameriky bola \u010dierna smr\u0165 udalos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 zakon\u010dila stredovek, ako ho dnes vn\u00edmame.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prv\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia cocoliztli (1545-1548)<\/strong><br \/>\nPo\u010det obet\u00ed: 5 a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3nov<br \/>\nSotva polstoro\u010die potom, \u010do Kri\u0161tof Kolumbus dorazil k brehom Ameriky, zasiahla popul\u00e1ciu dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Mexika vlna choroby, pre ktor\u00fa miestni mali n\u00e1zov &#8222;cocoliztli&#8220;. Choroba sa prejavovala hor\u00fa\u010dkami, z\u00e1vratmi, krv\u00e1can\u00edm z nosa i o\u010d\u00ed a smr\u0165ou do 3 a\u017e 4 dn\u00ed. V porovnan\u00ed s epid\u00e9miami popisan\u00fdmi vy\u0161\u0161ie, sn\u00e1\u010f cocoliztli nep\u00f4sob\u00ed \u010do do po\u010dtu obet\u00ed tak v\u00e1\u017ene, je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 na po\u010dty vztiahnu\u0165 z poh\u013eadu percent zasiahnutej popul\u00e1cie. Potom sa e\u0161te len naplno vyjav\u00ed apokalyptick\u00fd rozmer choroby &#8211; cocoliztli toti\u017e po\u010das trojro\u010dn\u00e9ho vy\u010d\u00ed\u0148ania zahubila\u00a0 80 percent p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov Mexika a sp\u00f4sobila de facto kolaps tunaj\u0161ej\u00a0 r\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Druh\u00e1 epid\u00e9mie cocoliztli (1576)<\/strong><br \/>\nPo\u010det obet\u00ed: 2 a\u017e 2,5 mili\u00f3na<br \/>\nNeubehli ani tri dek\u00e1dy a cocoliztli sa vr\u00e1tila nasp\u00e4\u0165! Aby zdevastovala to, \u010do nevyhubili prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t. Druh\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia z konca 16. storo\u010dia zabila 50 percent zvy\u0161n\u00e9j popul\u00e1cie strednej Ameriky a mo\u017eno argumentova\u0165, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom &#8222;vymietla cestu&#8220; n\u00e1slednej eur\u00f3pskej koloniz\u00e1cii. Dodnes nie je celkom jasn\u00e9, \u010do t\u00fatom druh\u00fa pand\u00e9miu cocoliztli mohlo. Je v\u0161ak prakticky ist\u00e9, \u017ee sa jednalo o chorobu zavle\u010den\u00fa do Ameriky eur\u00f3pskymi conquistadormi. Sn\u00e1\u010f sa mohlo jedna\u0165 o t\u00fdfus, os\u00fdpky \u010di kiahne, na ktor\u00e9 miestne nemali tak vybudovan\u00fa imunitu,ako eur\u00f3pski dobyvatelia.<br \/>\nV roku 2018 vedci identifikovali najpravdepodobnej\u0161ieho p\u00f4vodcu &#8211; vz\u00e1cny druh paratyfoidn\u00ed infekcie sp\u00f4soben\u00fd bakt\u00e9riou Salmonella enterica enterica.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: https:\/\/zoommagazin.iprima.cz\/<\/p>\n<p>Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete tu: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3sW9vlE<\/p>\n<p>Fotografia na titulke: depostiphotos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Akoko\u013evek sa hovor\u00ed o ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch rizik\u00e1ch o\u010dkovania, \u010di spochybnovanie nosenia r\u00fa\u0161ok &#8211; dokonca aj tych najmodernej\u0161ich, ako je respir\u00e1tor ffp3. A ak by sme tieto ochranne mo\u017enosti nemali, mohli by sa svetom prehna\u0165 podobn\u00e9 epid\u00e9mie, ako s\u00fa tieto s ktor\u00fdmi v\u00e1s chceme obozn\u00e1mi\u0165. Predstavujeme v\u00e1m najhor\u0161ie epid\u00e9mie svetov\u00fdch dej\u00edn. V dne\u0161nom, aj ked relat\u00edvne dobr\u00fdm\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":87414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,7,50,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-real-estate","category-health","category-radim-vam","category-zdravie","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87413"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87417,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87413\/revisions\/87417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}