{"id":87463,"date":"2021-03-10T15:51:06","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T13:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=87463"},"modified":"2021-03-10T16:45:57","modified_gmt":"2021-03-10T14:45:57","slug":"eskimak-alebo-inuk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2021\/03\/eskimak-alebo-inuk\/","title":{"rendered":"Eskim\u00e1k alebo Inuk ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoci sa v sloven\u010dine pou\u017e\u00edva slovo „Eskim\u00e1k“ na ozna\u010denie obyvate\u013eov seversk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed Kanady a Gr\u00f3nska, tento n\u00e1zov je pre t\u00fato kult\u00faru dokonca a\u017e ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd. V preklade znamen\u00e1 „jed\u00e1k surov\u00e9ho m\u00e4sa“.
\nSpr\u00e1vny v\u00fdraz je „Inuiti“, v preklade \u013eudia, v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle „Inuk“, \u010di\u017ee \u010dlovek. Maj\u00fa presn\u00e9 a detailn\u00e9 v\u00fdraz pre konkr\u00e9tne veci, napr\u00edklad ve\u013ea slov pre r\u00f4zne druhy snehu, ale abstraktn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy sa tvoria odpisom.<\/p>\n

Inuiti s\u00fa mongolsk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu, preto maj\u00fa \u017eltkast\u00fa ple\u0165, \u010dierne rovn\u00e9 vlasy a \u0161ikm\u00e9 o\u010di. \u010casto b\u00fdvaj\u00fa mal\u00e9ho vzrastu, ale to nie je pravidlom.<\/p>\n

Lovia tule\u0148ov, mro\u017ea, ryby, vt\u00e1ky, ve\u013eryby, soby, bobry a v n\u00fadzi, kedy je hladomor, jedia svoje vlastn\u00e9 psy. Uloven\u00e1 zver sa vyu\u017eije do posledn\u00e9ho zvy\u0161ku – prim\u00e1rne ako potrava, a potom sa z ko\u017e\u00ed vyr\u00e1ba oble\u010denie, pokr\u00fdvky a kajaky. \u0160\u013eachy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa namiesto nit\u00ed, kosti a zuby sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pre amulety, kor\u00e1lky a podobne.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom Eskim\u00e1kov je neplodnos\u0165, a tak ke\u010f je prv\u00e1 man\u017eelka neplodn\u00e1 alebo potrebuje pomoc v dom\u00e1cnosti, mu\u017e si vezme \u010fal\u0161iu \u017eenu. Polygamia a mnohomu\u017estvo teda nie je v\u00fdnimkou, ale nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dast\u00e1. Vyskytuje sa pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li neplodnosti, ktor\u00e1 je ve\u013ek\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom Inuitov.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Domy boli dvoch typov – letn\u00e9 a zimn\u00e9.
\nMedzi letn\u00e9 patria napr\u00edklad stany z ko\u017ee a r\u00fdchlo postaven\u00e1 obydlia z dreva a r\u00f4znych n\u00e1jden\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. Zimn\u00e9 domy mali hrub\u00e9 m\u00fary z kame\u0148ov a drnov. Boli jednoduch\u00e9ho p\u00f4dorysu – 6-8 metrov dlh\u00e1 \u00fazka chodba zapusten\u00e1 do ter\u00e9nu chr\u00e1niaca ob\u00fdvan\u00fa \u010das\u0165 od ostr\u00e9ho mrazu, a jedna ve\u013ek\u00e1 miestnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 plnila rozmanit\u00e9 funkcie – sp\u00e1l\u0148a, kuchy\u0148a, jed\u00e1le\u0148 a spolo\u010densk\u00e1 miestnos\u0165. Miesto na pripravu jedla sa upravovali pod\u013ea ve\u013ekosti rodiny – doslova s\u00fa to kuchyne na mieru<\/strong><\/span><\/a> pre danu situ\u00e1ciu. Bolo obvykl\u00e9, \u017ee v jednom dome b\u00fdvalo aj cez 30 \u013eud\u00ed, teda cel\u00e1 bl\u00edzka rodina.
\nPod mal\u00fdmi oknami, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm b\u00fdvali vyplnen\u00e9 roztiahnut\u00fdmi tulen\u00edm \u010drevami (po pr\u00edchode Eur\u00f3panov nahraden\u00e9 sklom), bola dlh\u00e1 pri\u010d\u0148a rozdelen\u00e1 po \u00fasekoch. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fasek patril jedn\u00e9mu \u010dlenovy\u00a0 rodiny, napr. otcovi, matke a de\u0165om.
\nNepostr\u00e1date\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou\u00a0 obydlia boli tukov\u00e9 lampy, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eili nielen ako svetlo, ale aj ako spor\u00e1ky a kachle. P\u00e1lil sa v nich predov\u0161etk\u00fdm tulen\u00ed tuk.
\n\u010eal\u0161\u00ed typ zimn\u00e9ho dom\u010deka je iglu. Napriek presved\u010deniu mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161ak sl\u00fa\u017eilo len ako do\u010dasn\u00e9 obydlie –\u00a0 napr\u00edklad pri cest\u00e1ch, kedy lovca uv\u00e4znila snehov\u00e1 b\u00farka a v bl\u00edzkosti nebol \u017eiadny dom\u010dek, do ktor\u00e9ho by sa mohli uch\u00fdli\u0165.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: http:\/\/www.grafalls.8u.cz\/<\/p>\n

Viacej inforaci\u00ed na: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rzrZYN<\/p>\n

Foto: depositphotos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hoci sa v sloven\u010dine pou\u017e\u00edva slovo „Eskim\u00e1k“ na ozna\u010denie obyvate\u013eov seversk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed Kanady a Gr\u00f3nska, tento n\u00e1zov je pre t\u00fato kult\u00faru dokonca a\u017e ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd. V preklade znamen\u00e1 „jed\u00e1k surov\u00e9ho m\u00e4sa“. Spr\u00e1vny v\u00fdraz je „Inuiti“, v preklade \u013eudia, v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle „Inuk“, \u010di\u017ee \u010dlovek. Maj\u00fa presn\u00e9 a detailn\u00e9 v\u00fdraz pre konkr\u00e9tne veci, napr\u00edklad ve\u013ea slov pre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":87464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,13,52,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architektura","category-real-estate","category-outdoor","category-priroda","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87463"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87468,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87463\/revisions\/87468"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}