{"id":88477,"date":"2021-07-08T21:12:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T19:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=88477"},"modified":"2021-07-08T21:12:37","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T19:12:37","slug":"veza-v-pise-sa-naklana-ale-nepada-vydrzat-ma-dalsich-300-rokov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2021\/07\/veza-v-pise-sa-naklana-ale-nepada-vydrzat-ma-dalsich-300-rokov\/","title":{"rendered":"Ve\u017ea v Pise sa nakl\u00e1\u0148a, ale nepad\u00e1. Vydr\u017ea\u0165 m\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 300 rokov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160ikm\u00e1 ve\u017ea v Pise patr\u00ed k najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm turistick\u00fdm l\u00e1kadlom v Taliansku.<br \/>\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00fd kame\u0148 honosn\u00e9j mramorov\u00e9j zvonici (Kampanila) bol polo\u017een\u00fd pred 840 rokmi, 9. augusta 1173. Kr\u00e1tko po za\u010dat\u00ed stavby sa ale ve\u017ea za\u010dala nakl\u00e1\u0148a\u0165, \u010do m\u00e1 na svedom\u00ed m\u00e4kk\u00e9 podlo\u017eie, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.delta-group.sk\/delta-experti-na-stavby\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>stavebn\u00fd dozor<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, ktor\u00fd pri tejto stavbe nebol vyu\u017eit\u00fd&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2001 bola pamiatka po 11 rokoch znovu otvoren\u00e1 po tom, \u010do ju z\u00e1sah in\u017einierov uchr\u00e1nil pred zr\u00faten\u00edm. N\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci si tak aj na\u010falej m\u00f4\u017eu vychutna\u0165 poh\u013ead na malebn\u00e9 tosk\u00e1nske mesto.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia sa n\u00e1klon ve\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161il asi na \u0161tyri a pol metra, tak\u017ee v roku 1990 musela by\u0165 pamiatka uzavret\u00e1. Nasledovala ve\u013emi zlo\u017eit\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia (n\u00e1klady presiahli 28 mili\u00f3nov eur), v\u010faka ktorej sa nakl\u00e1\u0148anie podarilo zastavi\u0165 a pamiatku dokonca &#8222;narovna\u0165&#8220; do stavu, v akom sa nach\u00e1dzala pred 300 rokmi. Vrchol zvonice je teraz od vertik\u00e1lnej osi odklonen\u00fd asi o \u0161tyri metre. O \u00fapln\u00e9 napriamenie Kampanila pritom nie je z\u00e1ujem, turisti by pri\u0161li o jedine\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitok.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sedem zvonov<\/strong><br \/>\nVe\u017ea vo stredotalianskej Pise bola postaven\u00e1 na N\u00e1mest\u00ed z\u00e1zrakov v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch etap\u00e1ch medzi rokmi 1174 a\u017e 1372. Valcovita stavba sa kv\u00f4li nepevn\u00e9mu podlo\u017eiu za\u010dala nakl\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 u\u017e po dokon\u010den\u00ed prv\u00fdch troch poschod\u00ed (zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 ale je, \u017ee na opa\u010dn\u00fa stranu) a stavitelia sa ju sna\u017eili opticky vyrovna\u0165 vkladan\u00edm lichobe\u017en\u00edkov\u00fdch kame\u0148ov. Nakl\u00e1\u0148anie ale nikdy \u00faplne nezastavili. V\u00fd\u0161ka zvonica je 56 metrov, hmotnos\u0165 odborn\u00edci spo\u010d\u00edtali na 14 000 ton. Vo ve\u017ei je sedem zvonov.<br \/>\nDo ukon\u010denia rekon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c v roku 2001 sa expertom podarilo n\u00e1klon pamiatky zmen\u0161i\u0165 zhruba o 44 centimetrov za pomoci nieko\u013eko tis\u00edcovej\u00a0 protiv\u00e1hy v z\u00e1kladoch a zaistenie siln\u00fdmi oce\u013eov\u00fdmi lanami. Zmiernenie sklonu neskoro rom\u00e1nskej ve\u017ee, nie je rozoznate\u013en\u00e9 vo\u013en\u00fdm okom, je v\u0161ak dostato\u010dn\u00e9 pre jej stabiliz\u00e1ciu. Tie\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 monitorovanie preuk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee zvonica sa od svojej osi u\u017e neodkl\u00e1\u0148a. Pod\u013ea statikov je tak bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 na \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 300 rokov.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1chranu ve\u017ee, ktor\u00e1 vraj pam\u00e4t\u00e1 pokusy Galilea Galileiho so zemskou pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165ou, vzniklo cez 9000 projektov. Nie v\u0161etky rie\u0161enia boli \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ako ju narovna\u0165?<\/strong><br \/>\nZvonicu sa sna\u017eili narovna\u0165 ako vedci, tak i \u0161arlat\u00e1ni z cel\u00e9ho sveta. V hre bol napr\u00edklad n\u00e1pad postavi\u0165 druh\u00fa ve\u017eu, ktor\u00e1 by bola naklonen\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00fdm smerom a star\u00fa Kampanila by podopierala. Ist\u00fd ob\u010dan Pisy zasa navrhoval, aby ve\u017ea podoprela natiahnut\u00e1 ruka na obrovskej soche sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Ranieriho, patr\u00f3na mesta.<\/p>\n<p>Za autorou stavby, ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako zvonica susednej baziliky (v are\u00e1li sa \u010falej nach\u00e1dza baptist\u00e9rium a cintor\u00edn), b\u00fdvaj\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00ed Bonnana Pisano a Tommaso Pisano. Taliansky b\u00e1date\u013e Antonino Caleca ale dospel k n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee za n\u00e1vrhom bud\u00fa najsk\u00f4r architekt Gerardo di Gerardo a presl\u00e1ven\u00fd soch\u00e1r Giovanni Pisano. Fakt, \u017ee Kampanila dodnes stoj\u00ed, mo\u017eno prip\u00edsa\u0165 aj tomu, \u017ee stavitelia posledn\u00fdch poschod\u00ed ve\u017ee sa dok\u00e1zali geni\u00e1lne prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 gravita\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1konom.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160ikm\u00e1 ve\u017ea v Pise patr\u00ed k najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm turistick\u00fdm l\u00e1kadlom v Taliansku. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd kame\u0148 honosn\u00e9j mramorov\u00e9j zvonici (Kampanila) bol polo\u017een\u00fd pred 840 rokmi, 9. augusta 1173. Kr\u00e1tko po za\u010dat\u00ed stavby sa ale ve\u017ea za\u010dala nakl\u00e1\u0148a\u0165, \u010do m\u00e1 na svedom\u00ed m\u00e4kk\u00e9 podlo\u017eie, a stavebn\u00fd dozor, ktor\u00fd pri tejto stavbe nebol vyu\u017eit\u00fd&#8230; V roku 2001 bola pamiatka po [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":88478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,13,42,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architektura","category-real-estate","category-tech","category-technologie","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88477"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88479,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88477\/revisions\/88479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}