Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk obrovsk\u00fd (Heracleum mantegazzianum) bol do Eur\u00f3py prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t dovezen\u00fd ako okrasn\u00e1 rastlina v roku 1817 do Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie. V priebehu prvej polovice 19. storo\u010dia nasledovalo jeho \u0161\u00edrenie do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn (Nielsen et al., 2005). Prv\u00e1 zmienka o Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edkovi obrovskom na \u00fazem\u00ed Rak\u00faska Uhorska poch\u00e1dza z roku 1862, kedy bol vysaden\u00fd a pestovan\u00fd v z\u00e1mockom parku.\u00a0 V \u010fal\u0161\u00edch rokoch sa bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk \u010falej roz\u0161iroval po okol\u00ed L\u00e1zn\u00ed Kyn\u017evart, Mari\u00e1nskych L\u00e1zn\u00ed a Slavkovsk\u00e9ho lesa. Ako okrasn\u00e1 solit\u00e9rna rastlina bol z oblasti prvej introdukcia v K\u00fape\u013eoch Kyn\u017evart dovezen\u00fd do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch parkov na \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9ho Rak\u00faska Uhorska, odkia\u013e sa tie\u017e \u010falej roz\u0161iroval. Za prvotn\u00fdm roz\u0161irovan\u00edm Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edka teda stoj\u00ed jeho atrakt\u00edvny vzh\u013ead, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu bol ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd ako mohutn\u00e1 solit\u00e9rne rastlina v parkoch a z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch (Pergl, J. et al., 2008).<\/p>\n
P\u00f4vod bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk ve\u013ekolep\u00e9ho<\/strong> Botanick\u00fd popis druhu bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk ve\u013ekolep\u00fd<\/strong> Zelen\u00e9 ov\u00e1lne semen\u00e1 sa tvoria od j\u00fala, zren\u00edm hnedn\u00fa a z\u00edskavaj\u00fa kresbu s typick\u00fdmi tmav\u00fdmi olejov\u00fdmi kan\u00e1likmi. Heracleum mantegazzianum patr\u00ed medzi tzv. Monokarpick\u00e9 rastliny (odumieraj\u00fa po vykveten\u00ed). Bohu\u017eia\u013e v\u0161ak v popul\u00e1cii boli pozorovan\u00e9 tie\u017e habituelne odli\u0161n\u00e9, n\u00e1padn\u00e9 polykarpick\u00e9 rastliny, opakovane kvitn\u00face. Zelen\u00e1 rastlina Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk ve\u013ekolep\u00e9ho obsahuje fototoxick\u00e9 \u0161\u0165avy, ktor\u00e9 po expoz\u00edcii ultrafialov\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa na zasiahnut\u00fdch miestach poko\u017eky v\u00e1\u017ene pop\u00e1leniny (Nielsen et al., 2005).<\/p>\n Plochy porasten\u00e9 Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edkom m\u00f4\u017eu dosahova\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozlohy a hustoty. Stretneme sa s jednotliv\u00fdmi rastlinami, zhlukmi, l\u00edniov\u00fdmi porastami a\u017e plochami o rozlohe nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hekt\u00e1rov. Hustota rastl\u00edn na os\u00eddlen\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch kol\u00ed\u0161e od 1 – 3 kvitn\u00facich jedincov na 10 m2 a\u017e po hust\u00e9, s\u00favisl\u00e9 porasty s viac ako 20 kvitn\u00facimi rastlinami na 10 m2. Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk je svojou listovou plochou schopn\u00fd absorbova\u0165 a\u017e 80% dopadaj\u00faceho slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia, tak\u017ee potla\u010d\u00ed ostatn\u00e9 druhy a st\u00e1va sa dominantn\u00fdm druhom napadnut\u00fdch spolo\u010denstiev. Doch\u00e1dza k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zn\u00ed\u017eeniu a zmene druhov\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia. samozrejme na elimin\u00e1ciu tohto inv\u00e1zneho druhu bola nasaden\u00e1 najlep\u0161ia robotick\u00e1 kosa\u010dka<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, ak\u00e9 sa daju pou\u017eit na zmiernenie inv\u00e1zie<\/p>\n Zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1<\/strong> Fototoxick\u00e1 reakcia je spusten\u00e1 expoz\u00edciou slne\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu u\u017e 15 min\u00fat po postriekan\u00ed, pri\u010dom citlivos\u0165 poko\u017eky je najvy\u0161\u0161ia v \u010dase medzi 0,5 hodinou a 2 hodinami od postriekania. Po 24 hodin\u00e1ch sa dostavuje z\u00e1palov\u00e1 reakcia sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 s\u010dervenan\u00edm, \u0161kvrnitos\u0165ou a tvorbou vodnat\u00fdch p\u013euzgierikov. Postihnut\u00e9 miesta poko\u017eky b\u00fdvaj\u00fa po zahojen\u00ed hyperpigmentovan\u00e1 a ich citlivos\u0165 vo\u010di UV \u017eiareniu pretrv\u00e1va po nieko\u013eko rokov. Bolo zisten\u00e9, \u017ee furanokumariny maj\u00fa karcinog\u00e9nne a teratog\u00e9nne \u00fa\u010dinky (Nielsen et al., 2005).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj: https:\/\/bolsevnik.eu\/<\/p>\n Viacej inform\u00e1ci\u00ed n\u00e1jdete tu: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3fajfEp<\/p>\n Foto: Depositphotos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk obrovsk\u00fd (Heracleum mantegazzianum) bol do Eur\u00f3py prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t dovezen\u00fd ako okrasn\u00e1 rastlina v roku 1817 do Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie. V priebehu prvej polovice 19. storo\u010dia nasledovalo jeho \u0161\u00edrenie do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn (Nielsen et al., 2005). Prv\u00e1 zmienka o Bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edkovi obrovskom na \u00fazem\u00ed Rak\u00faska Uhorska poch\u00e1dza z roku 1862, kedy bol vysaden\u00fd a pestovan\u00fd v z\u00e1mockom […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":88718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,56,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-outdoor","category-priroda","category-radim-vam","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88717"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88726,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88717\/revisions\/88726"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nBo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk obrovsk\u00fd patr\u00ed do rodu bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk (Heracleum), ktor\u00fd na \u00fazem\u00ed Eur\u00f3py zah\u0155\u0148a viac ne\u017e 20 rast\u00facich druhov, z toho 3 druhy sa v Eur\u00f3pe inv\u00e1zne roz\u0161iruj\u00fa – Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Heracleum persicum. Na svete sa vyskytuje pribli\u017ene 65 druhov patriacich do rodu bo\u013e\u0161evn\u00edk (Heracleum). Na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenskej a \u010ceskej republiky sa z inv\u00e1znych druhov vyskytuje iba sk\u00f4r uveden\u00fd.<\/p>\n
\nHeracleum mantegazzianum patr\u00ed medzi najvy\u0161\u0161ie eur\u00f3pske byliny. Kvitn\u00face rastliny dorastaj\u00fa do v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u017e 5 m, dosahuj\u00fa priemere 5-10 cm a s\u00fa \u010dervenofialovo bodkovan\u00e9ho a\u017e \u00faplne \u010dervenofialovo sfarben\u00e9. Listy dospel\u00fdch rastl\u00edn s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 bu\u010f z troch zhruba rovnako ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dasti, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010falej rozdelen\u00e1 podobn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, alebo z viac ako troch \u010dast\u00ed usporiadan\u00fdch v radoch pozd\u013a\u017e centr\u00e1lneho rebr\u00e1 listu. Listy dorastaj\u00fa do d\u013a\u017eky a\u017e 2,5 (3) metrov. Biele alebo zriedkavej\u0161ie ru\u017eovkast\u00e9 kvety vytv\u00e1ra de\u0161tn\u00edkovit\u00e1 kvetenstvo (okol\u00edky), ktor\u00fdch priemer dosahuje a\u017e 80 cm. Ka\u017ed\u00fd zlo\u017een\u00fd okol\u00edk obsahuje 30 – 150 l\u00fa\u010dov.<\/p>\n
\nRastlina predstavuje v\u00e1\u017ene zdravotn\u00e9 riziko v\u010faka fytotoxick\u00e9 furanokumarinom, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa obsiahnut\u00e9 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch jej zelen\u00fdch \u010dastiach. Rastlina vylu\u010duje vodnat\u00fa l\u00e1tku, ktor\u00e1 pri postriekan\u00ed na poko\u017eku a n\u00e1slednej expoz\u00edcii slne\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu (UV zlo\u017eka) sp\u00f4sobuje rozsiahle z\u00e1palov\u00e9 pop\u00e1leniny, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0165a\u017eko hoja.<\/p>\n