{"id":90256,"date":"2022-05-11T10:11:23","date_gmt":"2022-05-11T08:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=90256"},"modified":"2022-05-11T10:31:43","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T08:31:43","slug":"5-veci-co-ste-nevedeli-o-juliusovi-cezarovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2022\/05\/5-veci-co-ste-nevedeli-o-juliusovi-cezarovi\/","title":{"rendered":"5 vec\u00ed, \u010do ste nevedeli o J\u00faliusovi C\u00e9zarovi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gaius J\u00falius C\u00e9zar bol jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch r\u00edmskych cis\u00e1rov. Ale \u010do o\u00a0\u0148om len tak z\u00a0hlavy vieme? Mo\u017eno n\u00e1m napadne, \u017ee mal pletky s\u00a0Kleopatrou alebo, \u017ee bol obe\u0165ou sprisahania, ktor\u00e9 sa mu stalo osudn\u00fdm. Jeho \u017eivot v\u0161ak bol omnoho zauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Viasat History<\/strong><\/a> zaist\u00ed svojim div\u00e1kom po\u010das cel\u00e9ho m\u00e1ja<\/strong> cestu \u010dasom do starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma, konkr\u00e9tne do doby najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ieho panovn\u00edka J\u00faliusa C\u00e9zara. V\u00a0dokumente R\u00edmske megastavby<\/strong> sa dozviete napr\u00edklad nie\u010do o\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lezoch, ktor\u00e9 pomohli roz\u0161irova\u0165 hranice r\u00ed\u0161e a a\u017e dodnes ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa architekt\u00faru. Dokument C\u00e9zarove galsk\u00e9 vojny<\/strong> zasa pribl\u00ed\u017ei udalosti, ktor\u00e9 napriek o\u010dak\u00e1vaniam takmer zdecimovali jeho cel\u00fa arm\u00e1du.<\/p>\n

Pozrime sa na 5 zauj\u00edmavost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s\u00a0t\u00fdmto sl\u00e1vnym r\u00edmskym cis\u00e1rom, a\u00a0o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch ste mo\u017eno dodnes nevedeli.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. V mladosti C\u00e9zara zajali pir\u00e1ti<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    V roku 75 pred Kristom sa mlad\u00fd C\u00e9zar vydal na Rhodos, aby sa stal u\u010d\u0148om Apollonia Molona. Jeho lo\u010f v\u0161ak pri juhoz\u00e1padnom pobre\u017e\u00ed Malej \u00c1zie prepadli pir\u00e1ti a\u00a0zajali J\u00faliusa. Chceli za\u0148ho v\u00fdkupn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 bolo aj pod\u013ea samotn\u00e9ho C\u00e9zara tak mal\u00e9, \u017ee to bral ako ur\u00e1\u017eku a\u00a0po \u00fanoscoch po\u017eadoval, aby ho zv\u00fd\u0161ili. T\u00ed tak aj spravili, ale po prepusten\u00ed C\u00e9zara na to doplatili. J\u00falius toti\u017e s\u00e1m viedol nieko\u013eko lodn\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, aby pir\u00e1tov zajal a\u00a0nechal ich popravi\u0165.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Stoj\u00ed za priestupn\u00fdm rokom<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Zdroje uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa J\u00faliusa C\u00e9zara ako otca my\u0161lienky priestupn\u00e9ho roku. Pred C\u00e9zarom pou\u017e\u00edvali Rimania lun\u00e1rny kalend\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd pozost\u00e1val z\u00a0355 dn\u00ed. Sem tam sa nejak\u00fd de\u0148 prid\u00e1val, aby sa vyrovnali rozdiely oproti \u0161tandardn\u00e9mu slne\u010dn\u00e9mu cyklu, ale zodpovedn\u00fd \u00faradn\u00edci neboli v\u00a0t\u00fdchto zmen\u00e1ch \u00faplne zodpovedn\u00ed. Okrem toho kalend\u00e1ru sa prisp\u00f4sobovala aj doba ich p\u00f4sobenia v\u00a0\u00farade, tak\u017ee si ho r\u00f4zne menili, aby mohli na\u010falej \u010derpa\u0165 v\u00fdhody, ktor\u00e9 s\u00a0t\u00fdm s\u00faviseli.<\/p>\n

      V roku 45 pred Kristom po konzult\u00e1cii s\u00a0gr\u00e9ckym astron\u00f3mom S\u00f3sigenom zaviedol J\u00falius C\u00e9zar tzv. juli\u00e1nsky kalend\u00e1r. Rok mal pod\u013ea tohoto kalend\u00e1ra u\u017e 365 dn\u00ed, ale vzh\u013eadom k tomu, \u017ee slne\u010dn\u00fd rok ma 365 a\u00a0\u0161tvr\u0165 d\u0148a, pre vyrovnanie pridal C\u00e9zar ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161tyri roky jeden de\u0148 naviac. Je a\u017e neuverite\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee odvtedy a\u017e dodnes pou\u017e\u00edvame rovnak\u00fd kalend\u00e1r.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Gladi\u00e1torsk\u00e9 hry mu nesta\u010dili<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Po triumf\u00e1lnom n\u00e1vrate z\u00a0G\u00e1lie v roku 46 p\u0159ed Kristem sa C\u00e9zar rozhodol osl\u00e1vi\u0165 v\u00ed\u0165azstvo vo ve\u013ekom \u0161t\u00fdle. Gladi\u00e1torsk\u00e9 hry mu k\u00a0tomu nesta\u010dili, a\u00a0tak vymyslel zinscenovan\u00fa\u00a0 lodn\u00fa bitku tzv. naumachia, ktor\u00fa usporiadal v\u00a0pol kilometrovo dlhom umelom jazere bl\u00edzko rieky Tibera.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00dadajne mal die\u0165a s Kleopatrov<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Povr\u00e1va sa, \u017ee v\u00a0roku 47 pred Kristom splodil J\u00falius C\u00e9zar die\u0165a s\u00a0Kleopatrou. Do Egypta pri\u0161iel, aby ukon\u010dil spor s jej bratom. \u00dadajne sa Kleopatra dostala do jeho izby v\u00a0koberci. Syna mali spolu splodi\u0165 aj napriek vysok\u00e9mu vekov\u00e9mu rozdielu. Priamo d\u00f4kazy, \u017ee sa v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti jednalo o\u00a0C\u00e9zarovho syna, neexistuj\u00fa. Mal\u00e9mu die\u0165a\u0165u hovorili Ceasarion, \u010do znamen\u00e1 \u201emal\u00fd C\u00e9zar\u201c a\u00a0nedo\u017eil sa vysok\u00e9ho veku nako\u013eko ho Kleopatra menovala jedin\u00fdm dedi\u010dom. Preto bol po smrti ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd jej rivalmi. Zomrel vo veku 17 rokov.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Sprisahaniu proti nemu sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 60 \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Nie v\u0161etci mali C\u00e9zara radi. D\u00f4kazom je, \u017ee do sprisahania proti nemu a\u00a0do n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho atent\u00e1tu bolo zapojen\u00fdch viac ako 60 os\u00f4b. St\u00e1le viac \u013eud\u00ed sa b\u00e1lo, \u017ee by sa J\u00falius C\u00e9zar mohol jednostranne korunova\u0165 za kr\u00e1\u013ea a\u00a0zru\u0161i\u0165 tak sen\u00e1t. V\u00a0osudn\u00fd de\u0148 prisko\u010dila k\u00a0C\u00e9zarovi skupina, ktor\u00e1 si hovorila Liberatores a\u00a0zasadila mu 23 bodn\u00fdch r\u00e1n, z\u00a0ktor\u00fdch len jedna bola smrte\u013en\u00e1. D\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do sa sprisahania z\u00fa\u010dastnilo a\u017e to\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed, bolo aj to, aby za vra\u017edu nemohol by\u0165 zodpovedn\u00fd len jeden \u010dlovek. A\u00a0mimochodom, tesne predt\u00fdm, ako J\u00falius C\u00e9zar zomrel, mal vyslovi\u0165 zn\u00e1mu vetu: \u201eAj ty syn m\u00f4j?!\u201c, ktor\u00fa Shakespeare pou\u017eil vo svojom diele ako: \u201eAj ty, Brutus?!\u201c Ale Brutus v skuto\u010dnosti C\u00e9zarov\u00fdm synom nebol (na rozdiel od Caesariona). I\u0161lo o\u00a0C\u00e9zarovho d\u00f4vern\u00edka a\u00a0jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0jeho dedi\u010dov.<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            Zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 je aj hypot\u00e9za, pod\u013ea ktorej sa C\u00e9zar svojim vrahom s\u00e1m dobrovo\u013ene vydal. Zhor\u0161ovalo sa mu zdravie a\u00a0vraj sa chcel vyhn\u00fa\u0165 pon\u00ed\u017eeniu, ktor\u00e9 by mu sp\u00f4sobovala vidite\u013en\u00e1 telesn\u00e1 slabos\u0165.<\/p>\n

            J\u00falius C\u00e9zar bol ka\u017edop\u00e1dne jednou z\u00a0najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edch post\u00e1v hist\u00f3rie a\u00a0jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najmocnej\u0161\u00edch mu\u017eov antiky. Napriek tomu, \u017ee bol mnoh\u00fdmi pova\u017eovan\u00fd za tyrana, prispel k\u00a0prosterite r\u00edmskeho imp\u00e9ria. V\u00a0m\u00e1ji si jeho \u00faspechy m\u00f4\u017eeme zrekapitulova\u0165 na telev\u00edznej stanici Viasat History<\/strong><\/a> v r\u00e1mci cyklu dokumentov R\u00edmsky mesiac<\/strong> a\u00a0to ka\u017ed\u00fd piatok o\u00a021:00<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Gaius J\u00falius C\u00e9zar bol jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch r\u00edmskych cis\u00e1rov. Ale \u010do o\u00a0\u0148om len tak z\u00a0hlavy vieme? Mo\u017eno n\u00e1m napadne, \u017ee mal pletky s\u00a0Kleopatrou alebo, \u017ee bol obe\u0165ou sprisahania, ktor\u00e9 sa mu stalo osudn\u00fdm. Jeho \u017eivot v\u0161ak bol omnoho zauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00ed. Viasat History zaist\u00ed svojim div\u00e1kom po\u010das cel\u00e9ho m\u00e1ja cestu \u010dasom do starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma, konkr\u00e9tne do doby najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ieho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":90257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,45,11,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-film","category-nas-tip","category-news","category-radim-vam","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90256"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90263,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90256\/revisions\/90263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}