{"id":91241,"date":"2022-11-10T19:47:50","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T17:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=91241"},"modified":"2022-11-10T19:47:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T17:47:50","slug":"gobekli-tepe-kamenna-zahada-z-usvitu-civilizacie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2022\/11\/gobekli-tepe-kamenna-zahada-z-usvitu-civilizacie\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6bekli Tepe – kamenn\u00e1 z\u00e1hada z \u00fasvitu civiliz\u00e1cie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zrejme m\u00e1loktor\u00e9ho dne\u0161n\u00e9ho n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho holou krajinou juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho Turecka by bez pre\u0161tudovania pr\u00edslu\u0161nej literat\u00fary napadlo, \u017ee niekde v t\u00fdchto kon\u010din\u00e1ch sa kedysi zrodilo prv\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo v Starom svete. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 krajina strednej a juhov\u00fdchodnej Anat\u00f3lie vyzer\u00e1 ve\u013emi opustene a nehostinne, hoci sa o nej e\u0161te v \u010dase Byzancie hovorilo ako o jej obilnici.
\nNapriek tomu je miestami po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1, ale po\u010das neskor\u00e9ho leta pripom\u00edna prinajlep\u0161om vyprahnut\u00fa step.
\nJuhov\u00fdchodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Turecka patr\u00ed do oblasti zvanej \u201e\u00darodn\u00fd polmesiac\u201d, ktor\u00e1 bola kol\u00edskou prv\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed, v kult\u00farnej a soci\u00e1lnej antropol\u00f3gii naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch aj komplexn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Strange carvings and steles in the archaeological site of ancient town of Gobekli Tepe (Pot-belly Hill) in Southeastern Turkey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V Anat\u00f3lii sa nach\u00e1dzali najstar\u0161ie zn\u00e1me \u013eudsk\u00e9 mest\u00e1 a kultov\u00e9 centr\u00e1, z ktor\u00fdch najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie je s\u00eddlisko \u00c7atal H\u00fcy\u00fck, ktor\u00e9ho najstar\u0161ia vrstva sa datuje do 8. tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred n. l. mesta \u015eanl\u0131urfa (zn\u00e1meho predt\u00fdm tie\u017e pod gr\u00e9ckym n\u00e1zvom Edessa) bl\u00edzko hran\u00edc so S\u00fdriou nach\u00e1dza in\u00e1 prastar\u00e1 lokalita. Jej dne\u0161n\u00fd tureck\u00fd n\u00e1zov je G\u00f6bekli Tepe alebo \u201ePupo\u010dn\u00fd pahorok\u201c.<\/p>\n

Najstar\u0161ia kultov\u00e1 stavba v \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rii<\/strong>
\nG\u00f6bekli Tepe je zrejme najstar\u0161ia doteraz zn\u00e1ma kultov\u00e1 monument\u00e1lna stavba na svete, preto\u017ee pod\u013ea r\u00e1diouhl\u00edkovej met\u00f3dy datovania vznikla v rozmedz\u00ed 10. a\u017e 8. tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred n. l. V \u010dase, ke\u010f bolo G\u00f6bekli Tepe postaven\u00e9, bola tunaj\u0161ia krajina ove\u013ea \u00farodnej\u0161ia a druhovo bohat\u0161ia. N\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd dnes absolvuje v obed\u0148aj\u0161ej hor\u00fa\u010dave prehliadku tohto prad\u00e1vneho kultov\u00e9ho centra, bude v\u0161ak potrebova\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa d\u00e1vku predstavivosti, aby si uvedomil, \u017ee prech\u00e1dza miestami, ktor\u00e9 kedysi boli kol\u00edskou prvej zn\u00e1mej civiliz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Hoci sa o tomto n\u00e1lezisku vedelo u\u017e od 60. rokov 20. storo\u010dia, vykop\u00e1vky sa za\u010dali a\u017e v roku 1994, pri\u010dom zatia\u013e odhalili nieko\u013eko kruhov tvoren\u00fdch megality v tvare p\u00edsmena \u201eT\u201c, v\u00e1\u017eiacimi desiatky ton. Na megalitoch s\u00fa basreli\u00e9fy, zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00face r\u00f4zne bytosti vr\u00e1tane r\u00f4znych druhov zvierat i obrazce s doposia\u013e nezn\u00e1mym zmyslom. V lokalite st\u00e1le prebiehaj\u00fa vykop\u00e1vky, ale n\u00e1lezisko je spr\u00edstupnen\u00e9 prehliadkam a s\u00fa tu aj informa\u010dn\u00e9 tabule. Odhalen\u00e9 megality boli archeol\u00f3gmi zafixovan\u00e9 dreven\u00fdmi vzperami a debnen\u00edm a n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci medzi nimi prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na dreven\u00fdch okru\u017en\u00fdch l\u00e1vkach. A ked\u017ee sa tu e\u0161te na vykop\u00e1vkach pracuje, a prostredie je pra\u0161n\u00e9, je vhon\u00e9 si obliec\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 oble\u010denie, doslova \u00a0pracovn\u00e9 oble\u010denie .<\/a><\/p>\n

Nezn\u00e1my \u00fa\u010del megalitov<\/strong>
\nIst\u00e9 je, \u017ee stavba sl\u00fa\u017eila tunaj\u0161iemu obyvate\u013estvu v dobe ozna\u010dovanej ako predkeramick\u00fd neolit ako v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 kultov\u00e9 miesto. Svoj\u00edm vekom a formou ide o unik\u00e1tnu pamiatku, ktor\u00e1 nem\u00e1 v Eur\u00f3pe obdobu, preto\u017ee najstar\u0161ie eur\u00f3pske megality s\u00fastreden\u00e9 preva\u017ene bl\u00edzko atlantick\u00e9ho pobre\u017eia nie s\u00fa star\u0161ie ako 7 000 rokov.
\nCel\u00e1 stavba bola zrejme \u00famyselne zahraban\u00e1 \u013eu\u010fmi e\u0161te v predhistorickej epoche, preto sa zachovala v pomerne dobrom stave.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tnej\u0161\u00ed zmysel megalitov je doteraz nezn\u00e1my a zrejme to tak zostane podobne ako v mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch podobn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov, preto\u017ee tvorcovia tejto kultovej stavby nepoznali p\u00edsmo. Nemeck\u00fd archeol\u00f3g Klaus Schmidt, ktor\u00fd sa dlhodobo venuje prieskumu tejto lokality, pri\u0161iel s te\u00f3riou, \u017ee potreba tunaj\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed vytvori\u0165 kultov\u00fd megalitick\u00fd komplex ich viedla k usadl\u00e9mu sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota a vzniku po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a pastierstva. Zoomorfn\u00e9 fig\u00fary vraj dokladaj\u00fa p\u00f4vodne lovecko-zbera\u010dsk\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota tvorcov megalitov.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea te\u00f3rie, ktor\u00fa vysvet\u013euje na svojich webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach Timothy J. Stephany, reli\u00e9fy na megalitoch zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa hviezdne kon\u0161tel\u00e1cie a stavba sl\u00fa\u017eila ako kalend\u00e1r a astronomick\u00e9 observat\u00f3rium podobne ako anglick\u00e9 Stonehenge. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 z\u00e1very vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa zo spojenia s netradi\u010dnou te\u00f3riou Dr. Roberta Schocha, zaoberaj\u00face sa staroegyptsk\u00fdmi stavbami. Ak sa potvrd\u00ed vysok\u00fd vek G\u00f6bekli Tepe, mohlo by to znamena\u0165 prielom v dat\u00e1cii in\u00fdch stavieb, ako je sfinga v G\u00edze, o ktorej te\u00f3ria Dr. Schocha predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee bola zbr\u00e1zden\u00e1 siln\u00fdmi da\u017e\u010fami, ku ktor\u00fdm v\u0161ak v Egypte doch\u00e1dzalo naposledy pred rokom 7 000 pred n. l. Potvrdenie tejto hypot\u00e9zy by znamenalo revolu\u010dn\u00fa zmenu po\u0148atia dej\u00edn najstar\u0161\u00edch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3NVJHlB
\nViacej inform\u00e1ci\u00ed tu: https:\/\/www.izun.eu\/<\/p>\n

Foto: Depositphotos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zrejme m\u00e1loktor\u00e9ho dne\u0161n\u00e9ho n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho holou krajinou juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho Turecka by bez pre\u0161tudovania pr\u00edslu\u0161nej literat\u00fary napadlo, \u017ee niekde v t\u00fdchto kon\u010din\u00e1ch sa kedysi zrodilo prv\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo v Starom svete. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 krajina strednej a juhov\u00fdchodnej Anat\u00f3lie vyzer\u00e1 ve\u013emi opustene a nehostinne, hoci sa o nej e\u0161te v \u010dase Byzancie hovorilo ako o jej obilnici. Napriek tomu je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":91242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architektura","category-real-estate","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91241"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91247,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91241\/revisions\/91247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}