\nHist\u00f3ria os\u00eddlenia dne\u0161n\u00e9ho \u00fazemia mesta Berat siaha a\u017e do doby bronzovej, kedy toto \u00fazemie ob\u00fdval jeden z illyrsk\u00fdch kme\u0148ov. Miesto malo strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam s\u00favisiaci s kontrolou horn\u00e9ho toku rieky Osum. V 2. storo\u010d\u00ed pred n. l. bolo zabran\u00e9 r\u00edmskymi jednotkami a nesk\u00f4r pomenovan\u00e9 Antipatrea. Z miesta sl\u00fa\u017eiaceho preva\u017ene len ako stanovi\u0161te vojenskej pos\u00e1dky sa postupne st\u00e1valo opevnen\u00e9 mesto. Rimania tu postavili tajn\u00fd tunel, ktor\u00fd mal sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na z\u00e1sobovanie potravinami pri dlhom obliehan\u00ed. Zvy\u0161ky tohto tunela s\u00fa dodnes vidite\u013en\u00e9. V roku 440 z\u00edskal mesto byzantsk\u00fd cis\u00e1r Theodosius II a pod\u013ea svojej sestry ho pomenoval Pulcheria. V 7. storo\u010d\u00ed mesto dobyli Bulhari a dali mu meno, z ktor\u00e9ho vych\u00e1dza aj dne\u0161n\u00e9 pomenovanie – Beligrad – „biele mesto“.<\/p>\n
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V roku 1455 bol po\u010das jednej noci Berat dobyt\u00fd Turkami. Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg (1405 \u2013 1468), alb\u00e1nsky n\u00e1rodn\u00fd hrdina presl\u00e1ven\u00fd mnoh\u00fdmi v\u00ed\u0165azstvami nad Turkami, sa pok\u00fasil situ\u00e1ciu zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 v prospech alb\u00e1nskeho rodu Muzaka, ale jeho vojsk\u00e1 bitku prehrali. Tak sa Berat stal provinciou Turecka a\u017e do roku 1912, kedy Alb\u00e1nsko prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t vyhl\u00e1silo nez\u00e1vislos\u0165.<\/p>\n
V \u010dase najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho rozkvetu mesta po\u010das tureckej doby bolo v meste 30 me\u0161\u00edt a 5 hostincov a \u017eilo tu vy\u0161e 4 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed. Do mesta aj z neho viedol rad dl\u00e1\u017eden\u00fdch ciest, ktor\u00fdch zvy\u0161ky m\u00f4\u017eeme okrem hlavnej cesty n\u00e1js\u0165 aj dnes \u2013 st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9. V roku 1780 bol Ahmetom Kurtom pa\u0161ou vybudovan\u00fd na mieste dreven\u00e9ho mosta cez rieku Osum most kamenn\u00fd (Ura e Goric\u00ebs), ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1jal kres\u0165ansk\u00fa \u0161tvr\u0165 Gorica s moslimskou \u0161tvrtou Mangalom. Tento most je v Berate pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd dodnes. Je tvoren\u00fd 7 obl\u00fakmi a je dlh\u00fd 130 m. Jeho piliere s\u00fa mohutn\u00e9 a spevnen\u00e9 kovov\u00fdmi h\u00e1kmi, preto\u017ee jarn\u00e1 voda na Osume b\u00fdva vysok\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Kres\u0165anstvo v Berate<\/strong> Po zabran\u00ed alb\u00e1nskeho \u00fazemia Turkami boli z\u00e1rove\u0148 s budovan\u00edm infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a tradi\u010dn\u00fdch moslimsk\u00fdch stavieb st\u00e1le stavan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 kostoly a kostoly star\u0161ie sa \u010falej pou\u017e\u00edvali. Turci boli k p\u00f4vodn\u00e9mu kres\u0165ansk\u00e9mu obyvate\u013estvu Alb\u00e1nska ve\u013emi tolerantn\u00ed (v Berate i\u0161lo o ortodoxn\u00fdch kres\u0165anov, moslimovia mali v\u00fdhody napr. pri kari\u00e9rnom postupe, platb\u00e1ch dan\u00ed alebo povinnosti vojenskej slu\u017eby). Medzi najstar\u0161ie kostoly vystavan\u00e9 v \u010dase pred vp\u00e1dom Turkov patr\u00ed Kostol Panny M\u00e1rie (Kisha e Shen Maris s Vllahermes), ktor\u00fd bol postaven\u00fd v roku 1271 pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00ed\u0165azstva Byzancie nad Karlom I. z Anjou. Klasick\u00fd byzantsk\u00fd kostol\u00edk z 13. storo\u010dia \u2013 kostol sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Michaela (Kisha \u00eb Sh\u00ebn M\u00ebhillit) \u2013 stoj\u00ed v pr\u00edkrom kopci pod citadelou a b\u00fdva otvoren\u00fd iba pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch sviatkov. Architektonicky podobn\u00fd kostol datovan\u00fd u\u017e do 9. storo\u010dia stoj\u00ed vo vn\u00fatri hradieb citadely. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm kostolom v \u0161tvrti Gorica je kostol Sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Spyridona (Kisha a Shen Spiridonit) postaven\u00fd v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed. Na jeho v\u00fdchodnej strane je dlh\u00e1 ark\u00e1da, ktor\u00e1 je vidie\u0165 u\u017e z n\u00e1protivn\u00e9ho brehu rieky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 up\u00fata mohutn\u00e1 zvonica. Vn\u00fatri m\u00f4\u017eeme obdivova\u0165 ikony Sv. Spyridona a Sv. Demetria hne\u010f nad vchodom alebo dreven\u00fd ikonostas.<\/p>\n Beratsk\u00e9 me\u0161ity a pevnos\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n Priamo pod \u0161tvrtou Mangalom na brehu rieky Osum n\u00e1jdeme Me\u0161itu bakal\u00e1rov (Xhamia e Baqar\u00ebve) postaven\u00fa roku 1827, ktor\u00e1 vynik\u00e1 zauj\u00edmavou vonkaj\u0161ou v\u00fdzdobou. Najstar\u0161ou me\u0161itou v Berate je nie pr\u00edli\u0161 vzdialen\u00e1 Sult\u00e1nova me\u0161ita (Xhamia Mbret). T\u00e1 bola postaven\u00e1 za vl\u00e1dy sult\u00e1na Bayazida II (1481 \u2013 1512). \u010casto sa stane, \u017ee niekto z miestnych moslimov pozve turistov na prehliadku me\u0161ity. Vn\u00fatri je vidie\u0165 n\u00e1dhern\u00fd dreven\u00fd strop, ktor\u00e9ho kr\u00e1su dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa veriaci svojimi spevav\u00fdmi modlitbami. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed unik\u00e1tny dreven\u00fd strop je k videniu vo ved\u013eaj\u0161ej Teke. Teke je sv\u00e4ty\u0148a mystick\u00e9ho r\u00e1du islamu \u2013 r\u00e1du Bekta\u0161i. Teqeja e Helvetive v Berate \u2013 komplex budov \u2013 bol postaven\u00fd v roku 1782 a zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 je tu aj ark\u00e1da b\u00fdvalej \u0161koly.<\/p>\n Akoby mestom v meste je beratsk\u00e1 pevnos\u0165. Je postaven\u00e1 z obrovsk\u00fdch kame\u0148ov na 187 m vysokom kopci a obohnan\u00e1 vysok\u00fdmi m\u00farmi s 24 ve\u017ei\u010dkami r\u00f4znej ve\u013ekosti a vzh\u013eadu. V \u010dasti s ruinami b\u00fdval\u00e9ho hradu n\u00e1jdeme nieko\u013eko zachoval\u00fdch miestnost\u00ed a taktie\u017e obrovsk\u00fd rezervo\u00e1r na vodu zapusten\u00fd do zeme. Medzi ob\u00fdvan\u00fdmi dom\u010dekmi sa potom daj\u00fa objavi\u0165 ruiny dvoch me\u0161\u00edt, pri\u010dom pri \u010cervenej me\u0161ite (Xhamis\u00eb s\u00eb Kuqe) z 15. storo\u010dia st\u00e1le stoj\u00ed vysok\u00fd \u0161t\u00edhly minaret. T\u00e1to me\u0161ita patr\u00ed k najstar\u0161\u00edm v Alb\u00e1nsku.<\/p>\n Medzi dom\u010dekmi je tie\u017e ukryt\u00fdch nieko\u013eko star\u00fdch kostol\u00edkov. Najviac nav\u0161tevovan\u00fd je kostol Sv. Theodora (Kisha e Sh\u00ebn Todrit) zo 16. storo\u010dia. Fresky vo vn\u00fatri tohto kostola ma\u013eoval sl\u00e1vny alb\u00e1nsky umelec Onufri, ktor\u00e9ho m\u00fazeum je v bl\u00edzkej katedr\u00e1le Panny M\u00e1rie (Katedralja Fjetha e Sh\u00ebn M\u00ebris\u00eb). V kostole Panny M\u00e1rie (Kisha e Shen Maris\u00eb s\u00eb Vllahermes), ktor\u00fd bol postaven\u00fd v roku 1271 pri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00ed\u0165azstva Byzancie nad Karlom I. z Anjou, zase m\u00f4\u017eeme obdivova\u0165 n\u00e1stenn\u00e9 ma\u013eby Onufriho syna Nikollu. Dohromady sa v pevnosti nach\u00e1dza 7 kostolov. Nie s\u00fa v\u0161ak st\u00e1le otvoren\u00e9 a \u010dasto je probl\u00e9m n\u00e1js\u0165 niekoho, kto by mal od kostola k\u013e\u00fa\u010d.<\/p>\n Aj najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed nad\u0161enci do pamiatok, ktor\u00fdm vyhovuj\u00fa pozn\u00e1vacie z\u00e1jazdy, pod\u013eahn\u00fa nakoniec \u00fanave \u2013 hlavne ak bud\u00fa v Berate v lete, ke\u010f na celom Alb\u00e1nsku pra\u017e\u00ed slnko a teplomer \u010dasto ukazuje viac ako 35 stup\u0148ov. Najlep\u0161ie je vyda\u0165 sa do novej z\u00e1stavby pod kopcom s pevnos\u0165ou. Tu na beratskej promen\u00e1de, ktor\u00e1 trochu zav\u00e1\u0148a architekt\u00farou minul\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, n\u00e1jdeme mnoho pr\u00edjemn\u00fdch obchod\u00edkov a re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00ed. A ako najlep\u0161ie suven\u00edry posl\u00fa\u017ei marmel\u00e1dy a nakladan\u00e1 zelenina z vyhl\u00e1senej beratskej konzerv\u00e1rne.<\/p>\n Zdroj: https:\/\/www.hedvabnastezka.cz\/ Foto: depositphotos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ke\u010f chcete za\u010da\u0165 s popisom Beratu, m\u00f4\u017ee sa \u013eahko sta\u0165, \u017ee neviete, kde vlastne za\u010da\u0165. Bera\u0165 so svojou viac ako 2400 rokov starou hist\u00f3riou ukr\u00fdva mno\u017estvo architektonick\u00fdch pamiatok, m\u00faze\u00ed a k\u00fazeln\u00fdch dl\u00e1\u017eden\u00fdch uli\u010diek, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 dnes ako pred 300 rokmi. V pokojn\u00fdch z\u00e1kutiach pod klenbou hroznov\u00e9ho v\u00edna si m\u00f4\u017eete vypi\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00fa tureck\u00fa k\u00e1vu alebo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":91399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,13,52,56,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architektura","category-real-estate","category-outdoor","category-priroda","category-radim-vam","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91398"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91404,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91398\/revisions\/91404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nMestsk\u00e9 \u0161tvrte Mangalom a Gorica boli vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 pamiatkovou rezerv\u00e1ciou u\u017e v roku 1968 a spolo\u010dne s mnoh\u00fdmi kostolmi a me\u0161itami v Berate unikli devast\u00e1cii po\u010das komunistickej \u00e9ry. Dnes s\u00fa pod ochranou UNESCO. Domy v \u0161tvrti Mangalem, skor\u0161ej moslimskej \u0161tvrti, s\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdmi ve\u013ek\u00fdmi oknami – odtia\u013e tie\u017e n\u00e1zov „Mesto tis\u00edc okien“. Cel\u00e1 \u0161tvr\u0165 stoj\u00ed v pr\u00edkrom kopci a tak sa hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ke\u010f vyjdete z jedn\u00e9ho domu dverami, razom sa ocitnete na streche domu \u010fal\u0161ieho. Medzi domami m\u00f4\u017eete prech\u00e1dza\u0165 po \u00fazkych a pr\u00edkrych dl\u00e1\u017eden\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa v zimn\u00fdch mesiacoch st\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013azavou pascou. A na natiahnut\u00e9 \u0161\u013eachy v\u00e1m nepom\u00f4\u017ee ani mas\u00e1\u017ena pi\u0161tol<\/a>. Kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 Gorica stoj\u00ed na druhej strane rieky, na tej vzdialenej\u0161ej od hlavn\u00e9ho centra. Uli\u010dky nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 pr\u00edkre a domy nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 a s\u00fa odtia\u013e kr\u00e1sne v\u00fdh\u013eady na hradby nad nov\u00fdm mestom. Tie\u017e tu n\u00e1jdete niektor\u00e9 z beratsk\u00fdch kostolov.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Depositphotos_71364009_XL-scaled.jpg\")
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\nViac inforaci\u00ed na: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3UxLu1K<\/p>\n