{"id":94400,"date":"2026-04-22T12:22:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T10:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/?p=94400"},"modified":"2026-04-22T12:24:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T10:24:31","slug":"toto-su-najcastejsie-ocne-vady-diagnostikovane-pri-kontrole-zraku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/2026\/04\/toto-su-najcastejsie-ocne-vady-diagnostikovane-pri-kontrole-zraku\/","title":{"rendered":"Toto s\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie o\u010dn\u00e9 vady diagnostikovan\u00e9 pri kontrole zraku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Kr\u00e1tkozrakos\u0165, \u010falekozrakos\u0165, astigmatizmus \u010di syndr\u00f3m such\u00e9ho oka patria medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie diagn\u00f3zy, s ktor\u00fdmi sa odborn\u00edci stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri vy\u0161etreniach zraku. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa postupne a bez v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed. Odborn\u00edk z o\u010dnej optiky pribli\u017euje, ktor\u00e9 poruchy videnia s\u00fa najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa ich typick\u00e9 prejavy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eVe\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 popul\u00e1cie m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fa formu refrak\u010dnej chyby, no \u010dasto o nej nevie alebo ju podce\u0148uje. O\u010dn\u00e9 vady sa m\u00f4\u017eu zhor\u0161ova\u0165 nen\u00e1padne a bez bolesti. Pravideln\u00e1 kontrola zraku je preto z\u00e1sadn\u00e1,\u201c <\/em>hovor\u00ed Martin Slan\u00fd, odborn\u00fd garant o\u010dnej optiky FOKUS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kr\u00e1tkozrakos\u0165 (myopia)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Myopia patr\u00ed medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie diagnostikovan\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00e9 vady. Obraz sa pri nej vytv\u00e1ra pred sietnicou, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje zhor\u0161en\u00e9 videnie do dia\u013eky. Typick\u00fdm prejavom je probl\u00e9m s rozpozn\u00e1van\u00edm vzdialen\u00fdch objektov, dopravn\u00fdch zna\u010diek alebo textu na tabuli.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eV posledn\u00fdch rokoch evidujeme n\u00e1rast kr\u00e1tkozrakosti najm\u00e4 u det\u00ed a mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. S\u00favis\u00ed to so \u017eivotn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom, dlhodob\u00fdm pozeran\u00edm na ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tke vzdialenosti a nedostatkom denn\u00e9ho svetla,\u201c<\/em> vysvet\u013euje Martin Slan\u00fd. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vne nastavi\u0165 korekciu a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch aj spomali\u0165, \u010di zastavi\u0165 \u00a0progres vady.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010ealekozrakos\u0165 (hyperopia)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pri hyperopii, teda \u010falekozrakosti, sa obraz vytv\u00e1ra za sietnicou. Na rozdiel od kr\u00e1tkozrakosti sa pri ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch dioptri\u00e1ch nemus\u00ed prejavi\u0165 v\u00fdrazne rozmazan\u00fdm viden\u00edm. \u0164a\u017ekosti sa \u010dasto prejavuj\u00fa sk\u00f4r boles\u0165ami o\u010d\u00ed a hlavy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu prer\u00e1s\u0165 a\u017e do migr\u00e9n. Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia si tieto pr\u00edznaky s o\u010dnou vadou v\u00f4bec nesp\u00e1jaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch dioptri\u00e1ch sa probl\u00e9m zrete\u013ene prejavuje najm\u00e4 pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed alebo pr\u00e1ci s mobilom \u010di po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom. Neostr\u00e9 videnie sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 aj pri poh\u013eade do dia\u013eky. O\u010di musia vyv\u00edja\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00fasilie na zaostrovanie na v\u0161etky vzdialenosti, \u010do vedie k \u00fanave, p\u00e1leniu o\u010d\u00ed a celkov\u00e9mu diskomfortu. <em>\u201eNajm\u00e4 u det\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010falekozrakos\u0165 dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das kompenzovan\u00e1 schopnos\u0165ou oka intenz\u00edvne zaostrova\u0165. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee zrak pracuje bez zv\u00fd\u0161enej n\u00e1mahy,\u201c<\/em> dop\u013a\u0148a Martin Slan\u00fd, odborn\u00fd garant o\u010dnej optiky FOKUS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Astigmatizmus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Astigmatizmus vznik\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku nepravideln\u00e9ho zakrivenia rohovky alebo \u0161o\u0161ovky. Sveteln\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de sa nezbiehaj\u00fa do jedn\u00e9ho bodu, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje rozmazan\u00e9 alebo deformovan\u00e9 videnie na v\u0161etky vzdialenosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pacienti \u010dasto opisuj\u00fa tiene okolo p\u00edsmen, skreslen\u00e9 l\u00ednie alebo zhor\u0161en\u00e9 videnie za \u0161era. Astigmatizmus sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytova\u0165 aj v\u00a0kombin\u00e1cii s in\u00fdmi refrak\u010dn\u00fdmi chybami a bez odborn\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia zost\u00e1va ve\u013eakr\u00e1t nediagnostikovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Strabizmus (\u0161k\u00falenie)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Strabizmus je porucha koordin\u00e1cie o\u010dn\u00fdch svalov, pri ktorej o\u010di nesmeruj\u00fa rovnobe\u017ene. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa diagnostikuje v detskom veku. Ak sa probl\u00e9m nerie\u0161i v\u010das, m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k rozvoju tupozrakosti, teda zn\u00ed\u017eenej funkcii jedn\u00e9ho oka. <em>\u201eRodi\u010dia by mali spozornie\u0165 pri akomko\u013evek podozren\u00ed na nes\u00famern\u00e9 postavenie o\u010d\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a. V\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1sah v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165 lie\u010dby,\u201c<\/em> upozor\u0148uje Martin Slan\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Presbyopia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Po 40. roku \u017eivota doch\u00e1dza k prirodzenej strate elasticity o\u010dnej \u0161o\u0161ovky. V\u00fdsledkom je presbyopia, teda zhor\u0161en\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 zaostri\u0165 na bl\u00edzko. \u013dudia si za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa od\u010fa\u013eova\u0165 text alebo potrebuj\u00fa viac svetla pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201ePresbyopia sa t\u00fdka prakticky ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Ide o fyziologick\u00fd proces, nie o ochorenie, no spr\u00e1vna korekcia v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161uje komfort ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota,\u201c<\/em> vysvet\u013euje odborn\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syndr\u00f3m such\u00e9ho oka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Syndr\u00f3m such\u00e9ho oka je \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1lezom pri vy\u0161etreniach. Vznik\u00e1 zmenou pri nedostato\u010dnej tvorbe s\u013az alebo zhor\u0161enej kvalite slzn\u00e9ho filmu. Prejavuje sa p\u00e1len\u00edm, rezan\u00edm, pocitom cudzieho telesa v oku \u010di kol\u00edsan\u00edm kvality videnia. <em>\u201eNajm\u00e4 pri pr\u00e1ci s digit\u00e1lnymi zariadeniami kles\u00e1 frekvencia \u017emurkania, \u010do vedie k vysychaniu povrchu oka. Tento probl\u00e9m dnes evidujeme naprie\u010d vekov\u00fdmi skupinami,\u201c<\/em> uzatv\u00e1ra Martin Slan\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Odborn\u00edci sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00e9 vady mo\u017eno spo\u013eahlivo odhali\u0165 e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ako za\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdrazne obmedzova\u0165 kvalitu \u017eivota. Prevent\u00edvne vy\u0161etrenie zraku by preto malo by\u0165 prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou starostlivosti o zdravie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kr\u00e1tkozrakos\u0165, \u010falekozrakos\u0165, astigmatizmus \u010di syndr\u00f3m such\u00e9ho oka patria medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie diagn\u00f3zy, s ktor\u00fdmi sa odborn\u00edci stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri vy\u0161etreniach zraku. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa postupne a bez v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed. Odborn\u00edk z o\u010dnej optiky pribli\u017euje, ktor\u00e9 poruchy videnia s\u00fa najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa ich typick\u00e9 prejavy. \u201eVe\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 popul\u00e1cie m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fa formu refrak\u010dnej chyby, no \u010dasto [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":94401,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,50,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-radim-vam","category-zdravie","eq-blocks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94400"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94402,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94400\/revisions\/94402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.slovaklinesmagazin.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}